Research On Urban-Rural Income Gap From The Perspective Of Human Capital Structure

Since the reform and opening up,although the income level of Chinese residents has been greatly improved,the development results have not been Shared equally.The gini coefficient has been consistently higher than the international warning line.The income gap between urban and rural areas has contributed a lot to this.Therefore,narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is of great significance for alleviating the excessive gap between the rich and the poor.With the continuous development and improvement of market economy,residents' income will be highly dependent on their own labor supply,which in turn means personal human capital.Based on this,from the perspective of human capital,this paper studies its role in the formation of urban-rural income gap in China,and puts forward targeted policy Suggestions.First of all,the research on domestic and foreign related issues is reviewed,and the related theories of human capital and urban-rural income gap are expounded.Secondly,the human capital structure is measured by three aspects: human capital stock structure,human capital distribution structure and human capital internal structure.The Tyre index is used to measure the urban-rural income gap,and the status quo of the two is analyzed and evaluated according to these indicators.Finally,the static panel and dynamic panel model are established,and the model is empirically analyzed by the methods of mixed ordinary least squares(OLS),fixed effect(FE)and system GMM.Through empirical analysis,the following conclusions are drawn: There is a “U”-shaped curve relationship between the human capital stock and the urban-rural income gap.At present,China is at the left side of the critical point.At this stage,increasing the human capital stock will expand the urban-rural income gap;The capital Gini coefficient is positively correlated with the urban-rural income gap.For every 1 percentage point reduction in the human capital Gini coefficient,the urban-rural income gap will be reduced by 0.255 percentage points.Different types of human capital have different effects on the urban-rural income gap.From the national sample,the primary The increase in the proportion of intermediate human capital is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas,and the intermediate human capital is more restrained than the primary human capital to the urban-rural income gap.The increase in the proportion of senior human capital will increase the urban-rural income gap.From the sub-regional sample,the impact of the internal structure of human capital in the eastern and central regions on the urban-rural income gap is consistent with the national sample,while the western region is just the opposite.The increase in the proportion of primary and intermediate human capital will increase the urban-rural income gap.The increase in the proportion of senior human capital will narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on the main conclusions,relevant policy recommendations were put forward from three aspects: increasing support forrural basic education,strengthening the construction of rural teachers,and attracting high-level talents to participate in rural economic construction and western economic construction.