Research On The Causes,operation Modes And Responses Of"Shadow Education"

Students in the compulsory education stage are overburdened with their academic work,which has become a stumbling block in the development of basic education reform and quality education in our country.Under the guidance of national policies and the general attention of all sectors of society,the standardized governance of shadow education is in full swing,and the operation mode and standardized governance of shadow education are studied.First,it can solve the problems in the development of basic education and regulate shadow education policies.The formulation of the theory provides a theoretical basis;second,it can present the true picture of urban middle-class families participating in shadow education,and analyze the motivation of shadow education participation;third,it can expose the practical problems of shadow education and formulate a reasonable "burden reduction" policy and Governance measures provide useful references;Fourth,analysis of the governance orientation and existing dilemmas of shadow education under the "burden reduction" policy can improve the pertinence of policy formulation and the effectiveness of implementation.Based on Epstein 's theory of overlapping influence domains,this paper studies the reasons why parents represented by the urban middle class practice shadow education in the context of “burden reduction”,explores the operation mode of shadow education,and hopes to provide a realistic basis for the standardized governance of shadow education And actual reference.First of all,to interpret and define the shadow education and urban middle class studied in this article,on the basis of sorting out the theoretical model,background,theoretical characteristics and practical framework of overlapping influence domains,through the status of shadow education related concepts and shadow education at home and abroad The research and governance research carried out literature review and evaluation,and found that although shadow education has increased in number and quality,the research methods are single and empirical research needs to be strengthened,the research perspective is single,the academic rational research needs to be strengthened,and the research object is single,Standardized research needs to be strengthened.Secondly,the thesis takes the subjects in the three fields of urban middle classfamily,school and shadow education as the research objects,conducts in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations on parents,children,public schools and shadow education,and places shadow education in the social In the environment,we try to give a panoramic description of the development logic and operation mode of shadow education.The study found that for producers—shadow educational institutions,the first is that the market-oriented education industry caters to middle-class families,which is reflected in meeting and eliminating the individualized needs and anxieties of the urban middle class,using public education resources and urban middle class There are two gaps between the expectations of class parents.The second is the market-oriented education industry's shaping of middle-class family upbringing,which is reflected in the construction of urban middle-class education consumption and upbringing discourses.;For consumers-participating families,students and parents are involved.There are four types of motivation for students to participate in shadow education: improving their abilities and interests,being influenced by peer groups,recommended by school teachers,and being influenced by parents 'pressure transmission,And the anxiety that continues the dominance of the class,the institutional dependence in traditional culture,the "distrust" of public education,and the lack of strength in homework tutoring are the main reasons for forcing parents to seek shadow education.For schools,shadow education and The relationship between schools is divided into "confluence" and "conflict"."Confluence" is reflected in the two Resources and educational quality of the "common plan" and "together","conflict" is reflected both in the competition for educational resources.Thirdly,the development trend of shadow education is analyzed from the perspective of theory and empirical.From the perspective of time,shadow education has two trends of short-term sustained existence and long-term phase existence;There are three trends of "online education" and "trend to school development".Finally,starting from the theory of overlapping influence domains,following the internal and external governance model,the countermeasures for standardizing shadow education are put forward: the external governance model of shadow education is jointly constructed through four parts: government policy drive,family reversal,school collaborative education,and social assistance governance In the internal model,pay attention to the cooperation between families,schools and shadow education institutions in different fields and field subjects,and handle the family andschool-parents and teachers,family and shadow education-parents and shadow education teachers,school and shadow Education—The relationship between school teachers and shadow education teachers.