Research On The Application Of PPP Model In Urban Water

Among traditional theories of public management,governments are considered as a subject to provide public services.However,it has been broken by a new conception called a Public-Private Partnership,which is referred as a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sectors in order to improve the quality and raise the efficiency of public services.China has concentrated on PPPs for a long time and departments such as Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Commission have drawn up plans to ensure the development of PPPs.Currently,projects have been developed based on PPPs in various fields such as water,electricity and transportation.This article takes the urban water industry as an example due to widespread and typical applications of PPPs in this industry.The urban water industry includes urban water supply and sewage treatment.Through analyzing typical cases in each type,PPPs' development course,scale and effects in the urban water industry can be seen and summarized.Based on different effects,these cases are divided into successful and failed cases.Factors leading to different results involve project types,scales,modes,results,geographical distribution,policies,supervision,motivation,risks distribution,corporation strengths and patterns of return of investment.On the basis of the content analysis method,it can be concluded that policies,management by supervision,motivation,risks distribution and patterns of return of investment affect effects of projects based on PPPs by analyzing 30 typical cases in the urban water industry.According to these five factors,this article offers five proposals.At first,it is crucial to create a good legal environment through establishing a completed legal norm system of PPP and improving the stability of policies.Secondly,the significance of perceiving the supervision and establishing a completed supervision system based on the supervision of water price and quality is necessary.Moreover,motivations should be more flexible and more appropriate.Besides,risks and responsibilities need to be recognized correctly and distributed properly after the sufficient communication.Lastly,various patterns of return of investment should be created to increase profits.