| Since the beginning of the 21st century,the impact of carbon emissions on tourism has gradually attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life.Tourism is a victim of the general trend of climate change,and it is also one of the important factors affecting climate change.The international community has generally realized that to solve the two-way negative impact between tourism and climate change,it is necessary to formulate sustainable tourism strategies.The study of this paper takes the Shennongjia Scenic Spot in Hubei Province as the research object.The Shennongjia region has various types of tourism resources.It attracts many domestic and foreign tourists all year round,creating good economic and social benefits for the research area.However,the development of tourist resources in the scenic area is also Bring certain pressure to the tourism environment.Therefore,this paper focuses on the study of the Shennongjia tourism carbon footprint,analyzes and discusses the influencing factors of the tourism carbon footprint of the Shennongjia scenic spot,and explores the optimization strategy of low-carbon tourism in order to enhance the environmental benefits of tourism development.(1)Based on the tourism carbon footprint theory and tourism life cycle assessment theory,this article combs and analyzes related literature.The literature shows that tourism is a social phenomenon produced by a series of economic conditions in the course of tourists from their starting point to their destinations and then to the next stop.There are five parts of travel include "traffic","living","eating","travel" and "waste'.They are linked to each other,and the process of mutual influence,is also based on the whole process of the life cycle evaluation from the "cradle" to the "grave" supply chain.(2)In this study,the carbon footprint measurement parameters and various research methods were used to construct the LCA tourism carbon footprint estimation model and the boundary was divided.The study combines the values of the carbon footprint calculation factors proposed by scholars such as Gossling,Paul,and David G.Simmons to determine the standard parameter values required for the calculation of the tourism carbon footprint.(3)This study conducted field surveys in the Shennongjia Scenic Spot in Hubei Province through questionnaire surveys,departmental interviews,and statistical yearbooks from2010 to 2016,and the official website inquiries.Based on the basic conditions of the study area,the original data needed for the calculation of tourism carbon footprints were collected.Data,and survey questionnaires that reflect the characteristics of the area,and 407 valid questionnaires were recovered.Based on the feedback from the interviews,combined with the Yearbook,official website,etc.,the basic data for estimating carbon footprints were compiled to analyze the main energy consumption in the tourism process in Shennongjia.(4)According to the tourism carbon footprint model which based on LCA and tourism carbon footprint calculation formula,it is estimated that the total tourism carbon footprint of the Shennongjia in 2016 is 746,278.92t.Among them,the tourist traffic carbon footprint was 569,969.58t,accounting for 76.37%;the tourism accommodation carbon footprint was 59,410.15t,accounting for 7.96%;the tourism restaurant's carbon footprint was 8,65,701t,accounting for 1.16%;the tourism activity's carbon footprint was 39,052.42t,accounting for 9.27%;The carbon footprint of tourism waste is 69,190.06 tons,accounting for 9.27%;the par capita tourist carbon footprint of Shennongjia Scenic Spot is 67.95kg.In addition,the eco-efficiency of the tourism carbon footprint was estimated to be 0.1887 kg/yuan using the tourism eco-efficiency formula,among which,the eco-efficiency of tourism transportation was 1.71kg/yuan,the eco-efficiency of tourism accommodation was 0.34 kg/yuan,and the eco-efficiency of tourism catering was 0.01 kg/Yuan,the eco-efficiency of tourism activities is 0.45kg/yuan.(5)Based on the evaluation and analysis of the distribution of carbon sources in Shennongjia tourism,the development strategy of low-carbon tourism was proposed.The development of tourism in Shennongjia scenic area should promote the management of low-carbon transportation,strengthen the ecological management of accommodation,deepen the concept of low-carbonization of catering,increase the rationalization of energy consumption in activities,and accelerate the scientific management of waste in order to accelerate the sustainable development of the tourism industry in Shennongjia. |
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