Study On The Element Bias Effect Of FDI Technology Spillover:Based On Empirical Research Of China's Manufacturing Industry

In open economies,foreign direct investment plays an important role.The introduction and use of foreign capital has become an important part of an open economy.FDI generates technological spillovers for enterprises within the industry and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry chain through learning-mimicry,competition,and personnel mobility effects.Previous studies have focused on the impact of FDI spillovers on the production efficiency of the host country and neglected the issue of FDI technology spillover structure—the research on the bias of FDI technology spillovers.Therefore,the paper divides FDI spillage into horizontal technology spillovers,forward technology spillovers,and backward technology spillovers.It uses the economic data of 25 sub-industries in China's manufacturing industry from 2004 to 2014 to analyze FDI's three kinds of technology spillovers in high capital-intensive high energy consumption.The factors of technological advancement in the industry,high labor-intensive and low-energy-consuming industries and the overall manufacturing industry and their economic significance.Based on this,the paper constructs a translogarithmic cost function model that includes the three elements of capital,labor,and energy,and incorporates neutral technological progress and biased technological progress into the model.The paper uses Shepard's lemma to derive the capital share equation and the labor factor share equation,and composes the equations with the transcendental logarithmic cost function,and uses a quasi-irrelevance regression method(SUR)to estimate the system.Through the estimated coefficients,the elasticity of substitution among elements and the relative share of elements are calculated to determine the elemental bias and economic significance of FDI level technology spillover effect,forward technology spillover effect,and backward technology spillover effect.The results show:First,for the manufacturing industry as a whole,there are differences in the elemental biases of FDI level technology spillover effect,forward technology spillover effect and backward technology spillover effect,and FDI level technology spillover effect and backward technology spillover effect are mainly energy bias.The technological progress of the type is manifested as energy saving;the technology spillover effect of FDI is mainly capital-biased technical progress,manifested as energy use.Therefore,the paper considers that FDI level technology spillovers and backward technology spillovers can increase the marginal energy output,reduce the relative share of energy input,and have energy-saving and emission-reduction effects;FDI forward technology spillovers can increase the marginal output of capital and reduce Relative capital investment share.Second,by comparing high capital-intensive high-energy-consuming industries with high labor-intensive and low-energy-consuming industries,FDI-level technology spillovers are capital-oriented technological advances in high-capital-intensive,highenergy-consuming industries,manifested as energy use,and high labor-intensive and low-energy-consuming industries.For energy-biased technology advances,energy savings are manifested.Therefore,the level of FDI spillover has the effect of reducing energy input and saving energy in high-labor-intensive and low-energy-consuming industries.