The Problems And Countermeasures Of Trade Between Kazakhstan And China

General description of work.Dissertation work of the student Kenzhetayeva Malika is devoted to the study of topical issues of the formation and development of international economic cooperation between countries in order to identify problems in the trade and economic sector for the development of more effective cooperation in the system of the international division of labor.Relevance of the research topic.Against the backdrop of growing globalization world economy is dynamically developing and deepening the international economic cooperation on the basis of the international division of labor,which increases the efficiency of use productive factors,expands the world market,the development of global and national economies.Modern relations of the Republic of Kazakhstan(RK)and the Chinese The People's Republic of China(PRC)is a 20-year period of constructive interaction and mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation.China demonstrates high rates of economic and demographic development.For example,China's share in the total world population has remained at 21% over the past decades,while the share of the country in the world gross product has increased over the past two decades from 3% to 10%."Locomotives" of China's open economy are the most developed in the industrialized seaside provinces,where special and special economic zones were created.The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(XUAR)of the People's Republic of China,which has a common border of 1,782 km in length,belongs to the border zone,closely connected in geopolitical and economic aspects with Kazakhstan.The Republic of Kazakhstan plays a key role in the Central Asian region and occupies an important place in its political and economic development.Kazakhstan pursues a multi-vector foreign policy,being an active participant in international organizations,as: Organization United Nations(UN),the International Monetary Fund(IMF),The World Bank(WB),the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),Shanghai Organization(SCO)and others.Kazakhstan has diplomatic relations with more than 120 countries around the world.On Today,Kazakhstan's gross domestic product(GDP)is 2/3 of the total volume of similar indicator of all post-Soviet countries Central Asia.Proof of the dynamic development of trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and China dynamic growth in trade between countries,which in 2010 In comparison with 2000 it grew by almost 30% and amounted to more than 20 billion US dollars.Both exports and imports are growing on a mutually advantageous basis: in 2010,exports to China increased by 20%,imports from China increased by 77% by 2009.Since 2009,China has become the second largest trading partner of Kazakhstan after Russia.In July 2005,Kazakhstan's relations with China came to a new level-a strategic partnership after the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev and President Hu Jintao signed the Joint Declaration on Establishing and Developing a Strategic Partnership between Kazakhstan and China.To date,the governments of the two countries have made active progress in implementing joint projects in the field of energy,transport infrastructure,trade,etc.In scientific economic literature there is a point of view,for example,P.Krugman,according to which the countries belonging to the regional trading bloc are "natural partners",as a result of which participation in a mutual agreement,they are likely to benefit,and their The gain will be the greater,the higher their share in the domestic regional market.Being the largest in terms of territory and economically powerful state among the Central Asian countries,Kazakhstan maintains the most close trade and economic relations with the XUAR of China in comparison with other provinces of China.More than 70% of the volume of goods between Kazakhstan and China belongs to the XUAR of China.This determines the relevance of this study,in which a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the economic development of Kazakhstan and the PRC was conducted,and priorities and prospects for deepening regional trade and economic cooperation between them were identified.Thus,the analysis of trends and patterns of development of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China is an urgent task that has both general scientific and applied significance.Degree of elaboration of the problem.Methodological basis research in this work was the work of the classics of economic theory: A.Smith,D.Ricardo,V.Leontiev,B.Ulin,E.Heckscher,P.Samuelson,A.Marshall,M.Porter,P.Krugman,E.Helpman,V.Stolper and others.The consequences of the globalization of the world economy are inextricably linked with the formation of transit economies,the development of which,as well as various macroeconomic aspects of their development,are devoted to the works of Western scientists G.Kolodko,J.Weiner,B.Balashi,J.Tingelben,J.Stiglitz,M.Friedman,M.Shimai and others.Globalization of the world economy is inextricably linked with the rapidly growing the economy of China,the study of which is devoted to the work of A.V.Ostrovsky,I.N.Naumov,M.L.Titarenko and others.The study of modern international economic relations,integration problems in the post-Soviet space are devoted to the works of Russian scientists EF.Avdokushina,A.D.Voskresensky,TL.Deich,M.N.Osmova,V.V.Polyakova,A.A.Sveshnikova,A.I.Salitsky,V.E.Rybalkina,R.I.Khasbulatova,L.B.Vardomsky and other Russian scientists.The problems of theoretical and methodological bases in Kazakhstan trade and economic cooperation of the Republic of Korea and China have been studied for the time being is not enough.However,many Kazakh economists are quite deeply studied the experience of reforming transit states,macroeconomic aspects of the transformation of the national economy,including issues of bilateral trade and economic relations,attraction of foreign investments were investigated in the works of A.K.Koshanova,K.A.Sagadiyeva,S.S.Satubaldin,E.A.Turkebaev,BD Khusainov and others Kazakhstani economists.One of the effective ways to counter the growing globalization is regional integration,the study of which is devoted to publications B.K.Irisheva,N.K.Isingarina,S.D.Primbetova.and other scientists and economists.Foreign trade policy,foreign economic activity Kazakhstan are reflected in the works of REElemesov,U.Tekenov,A.M.Myrzahmetova,K.S.Mukhtarova and other academic economists.The work also used the works of Chinese scientists on development of international trade and economic relations: Lin Yifu,Tsai Fang,Li Zhou,Mo Tongzhu,Gu Guanfu,Li Jingjie,Lu Nanquan,Wang Heiyan,Wang Jile,Li Shuqing and other Chinese economists.Despite the authority of these scientists and the importance of their research priorities and prospects for the development of bilateral trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the PRC against the backdrop of the growing globalization of the world economy are not fully reflected in the works of foreign and Kazakhstan economists.The scientific and practical significance of the problem,its insufficient elaboration predetermined the choice of the topic,the purpose and objectives of the dissertation research.In the process of research documents of international organizations,IMF,WB,World Trade Organization(WTO),SCO,program documents of Kazakhstan,PRC were used policies of the two countries.The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was also made by the legislative bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China on foreign economic policy of the two countries.The subject of the study is the economic relations determining priorities for the development of regional trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China.The object of research-foreign economic activity of the Republic Kazakhstan and China during the development of sub-regional trade and economic cooperation.Purpose and objectives of the work.The aim of the dissertation is to identify problems in the trade and economic sector,to determine the priorities for the development of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the PRC in the context of the current world economic trends and to work out proposals for improving the effectiveness of mutually beneficial development.The goal set in the dissertation work predetermined the solution the following tasks:-to explore the essence,content and evolution of the basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of international trade and economic cooperation;-to identify the main trends and specifics of the development of regional economic cooperation in the context of the globalization of the world economy;-on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the formation and development KazakhChinese trade ties determine the parameters and disproportions characterizing the modern model of formation bilateral relations in the sphere of trade;-conduct an in-depth analysis of trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China and on this basis to identify problems,inhibiting their effective development;-to determine the priorities for the development of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China and develop proposals to improve the effectiveness of such cooperation.The scientific novelty of the results is as follows:-the author's understanding of evolution is presented theoretical and methodological foundations of international and regional economic cooperation,as well as their basic forms and stages;-in-depth analysis of current trends in development regional and sub-regional economic cooperation in Asian region and on this basis,the specific features and patterns of their development;-on the basis of SWOT-analysis of the regional trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China identified strengths and weaknesses,as well as opportunities and threats to them.development in modern conditions of management;-priorities of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China,which are the basis for the model of the future development of Kazakh-Chinese relations in the sphere of economy and trade;-Proposals on increasing the efficiency of regional trade and economic cooperation,based on three sectors economy: processing industry,modern logistics,development of financial infrastructure.Basic provisions to be protected:-Trends and patterns of development of international regional and sub-regional economic cooperation in the Asian region world economy;-Trends and specific features of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China;-balance of benefits and losses in the development of foreign economic relations between Kazakhstan and China;-priority directions of the regional trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China;-practical suggestions for increasing efficiency trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China.Methodology of the study.When carrying out the thesis research uses complex and systematic methods of scientific generalization,economic and system analysis,methods of scenario forecasting and international statistics.In the course of the work,a wide array of information was used to generalize the achievements of the world economic thought in studying the formation of the external economic sector in the context of an increasingly intensive inclusion of countries in the world economic processes,as well as the rationale for foreign economic strategies of different countries.The study takes into account the experience of developing countries and countries of the post-Soviet space.Theoretical and practical significance of the research.The results of the dissertation study fill a certain gap,concerning the issues of bilateral economic relations,taking into account the achievement of an appropriate level of geo-economic security of territorially neighboring states.Practical recommendations received in the dissertation research can be used by the Ministries: economic development and trade of the RK,commerce.Approbation of work.Scientific-theoretical results and basic the provisions of the dissertation research were presented in reports and reports at international scientificpractical conferences,forums:-China-Kazakhstan Investment and Trade and Economic Forum(Almaty,2009);-international scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 60 th anniversary of higher economic education in Kazakhstan(Almaty,2010);-international scientific conference of students,undergraduates and young scientists "Lomonosov-2015"(Astana,2015);-International conference of young scientists and students "World of Science"(Almaty,2017).Publications.The main content of the thesis is reflected in 17 printed works,9 of them in the editions recommended by the Committee for Control in Education and Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan,4 in foreign publications and 4 in collections of international conferences.The structure of the dissertation.The structure of the thesis is determined by the purpose of the research,determined by the logic of considering interrelated issues and the totality of tasks being solved.