Study On Efficiency Of Shaanxi Apple Cooperatives

Since the rural reform,The government has given farmers more income control rights and residual claim rights according to law,which has effectively mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers for their production and management.However,the decentralized,small-scale and small-scale peasant production form have the weak negotiating power,high transaction costs,and the weak ability to withstand natural risks and market risks.In particular,The contradiction between farmers' small-scale operations and marketization is increasing as the market integration capabilities of the agricultural industry chain and the agricultural product value chain system dominated and controlled by agricultural enterprises have increased.Under this background,the innovation of agricultural management systems and the industrial organizations based on the combination of market guidance and government's promotion of compliance with laws and regulations have received the attention of policy makers and the agricultural industry community 。 In particular,since the promulgation of the "People's Republic of China farmer professional cooperative law"(Amendment)in 2007,,the government has introduced a co-operative development policy with low market access thresholds,preferential taxation,and explicit supportive policies to promote the development of China's farmer cooperatives.However,in the process of continuous increase in the number of farmer cooperatives,continuous expansion of scale,market control and influence,the governance structure of farmer cooperatives is standardized,whether the operation process can take into account efficiency and fairness,and whether development is sustainable,etc.Very concerned about by the academic community.In the course of this study,two field trips to Shaanxi's apple producing areas have found that Apple Cooperatives have basically achieved full coverage in the main apple production areas.However,there are few apple cooperatives with good governance,market operation,and efficiency that can really drive Apple households to increase income.The unreasonable governance structure design,low operating efficiency,and difficulty in driving the development of Apple households are key issues that restrict the sustainable development of cooperatives.Therefore,this paper explores and analyzes the factors affecting the efficiency of cooperatives as the breakthrough point of the research and uses data envelopment analysis(DEA),propensity score matching(PSM)and Tobit method,based on Shaanxi Apple Cooperatives and Apple households field survey data.Study cooperative efficiency and its influencing factors,and make recommendations from the perspective of improving the efficiency of Apple cooperatives.In accordance with the logical relationship,this paper studies the five chapters that connect planning to each other: The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly includes the research background and the problems to be studied and solved;The second chapter is the theoretical basis,literature review and evaluation,mainly combined with the research topics of this paper,analyzing the definition and characteristics of cooperative organization attributes and cooperative efficiency;The third chapter deals with the economic efficiency of the cooperatives and the influencing factors.This chapter using field survey data,the DEA model was first used to measure the operating efficiency of Apple cooperatives,and the Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of efficiency.The fifth chapter deals with the effectiveness of the Apple cooperative services.This chapter uses PSM to analyze the service efficiency of cooperatives;Chapter 6 is the conclusion of the study.The research findings are:1.In general,the efficiency of Apple cooperatives in apple production areas in Shaanxi is at a low level.According to the results of DEA model shows,apple cooperative technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency were 0.391,0.505,the average of the size of the average efficiency is 0.752.The study found:The scale of cooperatives,the number of members' congresses,and the restrictions on exiting from cooperatives all have a negative impact on the efficiency of cooperatives;the entrepreneurial talent of the chairman,council scale,economic development level and government policy support all have a positive impact on the economic efficiency of cooperatives.2.Apple's production process and post-harvest management process are technically intensive,and Apple's operating risk is relatively high.Therefore,Apple's effective demand for technical services and business management services is strong.However,Apple's cooperatives have different service supply capabilities.3.The cooperative increased the economic welfare of the members,and the average treatment effect(ATT)was 62,729.80 yuan.The increase in economic benefits of the members mainly comes from agricultural procurement services,packaging and storage services,and sales services.As a whole,cooperative services do not improve the input-output efficiency of the members,but cooperative technical services,sales services,and credit services facilitate the of the members.Increased.Based on the above conclusions,this article suggests that the government should pay attention to the policy guidance of Apple cooperatives: controlling the number of Apple cooperatives and improving the quality;creating a good economic environment,increasing cooperative policy support;strengthening managerial entrepreneurship and training the cooperative leaders;Strengthen the service level of cooperatives and enhance their sense of belonging.