Study On The Change Of Crop Acreage In Three Provinces Of Northeast China

The three northeastern provinces are very important food production areas in China,and the grain production in this area is an important guarantee of national food security.Northeast China belongs to temperate continental climate,with severe cold and dry winter and strong wind;warm and humid summer,abundant rainfall and less wind;short spring and autumn,and changeable weather.The climate characteristics of the same period of rain and heat in Northeast China are very suitable for the growth of crops,so Northeast China has great potential to develop agriculture.Over the years,the state has attached great importance to the agricultural development in the three northeastern provinces,and has issued a number of policies to encourage people to plant crops.Through research and analysis,the total area of crop cultivation in the three northeastern provinces has been rising,and the output has also been rising.Cultivated land resources can effectively guarantee the sustainability of regional development and food security,which is an irreplaceable important resource.Therefore,it is particularly important to effectively protect and utilize cultivated land resources.As an important area of crop cultivation in China,the three northeastern provinces study and grasp the change of crop planting area and make relevant analysis,which is conducive to improving the utilization efficiency of cultivated land and ensuring food security,and has practical significance for promoting the efficient and rational use of agricultural land and ensuring food production in China.This paper chooses three northeastern provinces as the research area,takes agricultural statistics from 1997 to 2016 as the data source,and based on land use theory,chooses rice,maize and soybean as the main crops in the three northeastern provinces as the research object,and analyses the change of sown area and makes relevant analysis.Research shows:(1)During the 20 years from 1997 to 2016,great changes have taken place in crop cultivation in the three northeastern provinces.The total area of grain increased from 167253,000 hectares to 221,669,000 hectares in 2016.The sown area of grain increased from 14.623 million hectares in 1997 to 5.578 million hectares in 2016.In the early 21 st century,crop growing areas in the three northeastern provinces maintained steady growth,and declined for the first time in 2016.(2)The change trend of crop planting area in the three northeastern provinces is as follows: the soybean planting area moves to the north of the crop planting areas in the three northeastern provinces.In 2008,the soybean planting area reached 467.46 million hectares,and then began to decrease year by year.Rice planting area increased 94.15% in the past 20 years,with an average annual increase of 102,000 hectares.Maize planting areas in the three northeastern provinces are mainly concentrated in Heilongjiang Province,accounting for more than 50% of the three northeastern provinces.In the past 20 years,the area of maize planting has been increasing year by year,and Heilongjiang Province has the fastest growth.(3)Since 1997,China's maize planting area has continued to grow,and in 2016,under the policy adjustment,maize planting area declined for the first time.The situation of "one grain is dominant" in the three northeastern provinces has caused unreasonable crop planting structure.The output of maize is in excess of demand,while the planting area and yield of rice,soybean and other crops are decreasing year by year in recent years.It is difficult to meet the people's needs for improving living conditions,developing animal husbandry and increasing income.The crop planting structure needs to be adjusted.In addition,from the natural environment,relying on scientific and technological progress,and improving the national policy of farmland protection,this paper puts forward some suggestions on optimizing crop planting area.