Research On The Vulnerability Of Coastal Zone Based On ESA Model

With abundant resources,favorable environment and unique characteristics of land-sea transition,the coastal zone is an area of population gathering and blue economic development.However,with the continuous development of social economy,large-scale exploitation and utilization activities have damaged the ecological environment in the coastal zone,exposing more and more environmental problems.The sustainable development of coastal zone is seriously affected.In this context,coastal zone environmental problems gradually attract the attention of scholars in various fields,and the research on coastal zone vulnerability is a hot topic in the discussion of coastal zone environmental problems.Based on the research progress of coastal zone vulnerability at home and abroad,this study discusses the connotation of coastal zone vulnerability,uses the target framework method and the comprehensive index analysis method,and constructs the evaluation system of coastal zone vulnerability based on ESA model.Taking the coastal zone of Shandong Province as an example,the vulnerability assessment index is selected to evaluate the vulnerability of the coastal zone from the three levels of exposure,sensitivity and adaptability,the paper outputs the vulnerability grade distribution map,analyzes the variation and difference of coastal zone vulnerability in time and space,and puts forward the suggestions of coastal zone environmental protection and management.The main findings of this study include:(1)By constructing a coastal zone vulnerability assessment system,selecting evaluation indicators including natural environment and human interference,determining the index weights through the analytic hierarchy process,and comprehensively analyzing the indicators using the weighted evaluation method to obtain the coastal exposure of Shandong Province Evaluation results and evaluation levels of the degree,sensitivity,adaptability,and coastal zone vulnerability: The coastal zone vulnerability area is significantly different,with the highest value being 1.419 and the lowest value being 0.736.It is the area of Qingdao and Rizhao in the south of Shandong Peninsula,and the coastal zone area of Weihai in the east of Shandong Peninsula is a low-value area.(2)Principal component analysis method is used to comprehensively analyze the evaluation indexes in the evaluation system,and construct the city-evaluation index variable matrix to obtain the main components that affect the vulnerability of the coastal zone.Taking 2012 as an example,it represents The main component contributes the most to vulnerability,close to 30%,and the remaining main components are different types of resources and environmental quality.Disturbing effects on the coastal zone.(3)Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the analytic hierarchy process and the principal component analysis method in the coastal zone vulnerability assessment process.According to the example application in this study,it can be seen that the analytic hierarchy process can be combined with the ESA model to grade the index weight Determine,according to the vulnerability assessment system,you can get the vulnerabilities of the same time and different cities,and you can also get the vulnerabilities of the same city and different times.Analyze the vulnerability difference under the change of the temporal and spatial sequence of the vulnerability,but the indicators When determining the weight,it is a combination of qualitative and quantitative,and it has a certain subjectivity;the principal component analysis method analyzes the statistical internal connection of each index by constructing the cityevaluation index variable matrix,and the result is the coastal zone of Shandong Province.The overall comprehensive analysis results can not get the difference between different cities,but this method can reflect the integrity and is more objective.