Research On A New Type Of Betaine Amphoteric Surfactant

The betaine surfactant is a kind of new,efficient and environmental friendly surface-active agents,and they have good foam stability,low critical micelle concentration?CMC?,excellent lime soap dispersants,and low toxicity.Consequently,they are widely used in daily chemical industry,biochemical industry,textile industry and surface treatment industry.In this paper,the palmitamidopropyl betaine?PAPB?type amphoteric surfactant was synthesized and the kinetics of synthesis reaction was investigated.Finally,a new type of di-16 amide sulfonic betaine(D₁₆ASB)was designed and synthesized,based on the synthesized palmitamidopropyl betaine.Specifically,the study results were as follows:1.The palmitamidopropyl betaine?PAPB?type amphoteric surfactant was synthesized by the sodium choloroacetate and the palmitamidopropyldimethyl tertiary amine,which was synthesized by the amidation with palmitic acid and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine.The effects of reaction temperature and time,the molar ratio of palmitic acid to N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine,the amount of catalyst,and the 4 A molecular sieve on the conversion of palmitic acid were studied.Meanwhile,the structure of product was characterized by FT-IR,¹H NMR and Mass spectrum.And the properties of palmitamidopropyl betaine and their mixed properties with other surfactant systems were investigated.The results showed that the optimum conditions of amidation reaction were screened out as follows:the reaction temperature was 160?,the reaction time was 10 h,the molar ratio of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine to palmitic acid was 1.05:1,and the amount of catalyst KOH was 0.5%.Under these parameters,the conversion of palmitic acid was 92.41%.On the other hand,the optimum conditions of quaternization reaction were screened out as follows:the reaction temperature was 100?,the reaction time was 2 h,the molar ratio of sodium chloroacetate to tertiary amine was 1.1:1,and the solvent of water to isopropyl alcohol was 2:1?vol./vol.?.Under theses parameters,the conversion of tertiary amine was 70.55%.The critical micelle concentration and surface tension of palmitamidopropyl betaine were 1.12×10^-4 mol/L and 31.63 mN/m,respectively,and its solubilization capacity of benzene was 4980 mL/mol.2.In this work,the kinetics of these reactions was investigated.Specifically,an integral method was used to analyze the experimental data of amidation reaction over the temperature range of 413.15-453.15 K,and the data of the quaternization reaction over the temperature range of 348.15–368.15 K.These reactions,in two steps,were shown to match the second-order bimolecular kinetics model,and their equations could be deduced from the experimental data at different temperatures.The activation energy,E_a,and the pre-exponential factor,A,were obtained from the equilibrium constant at different temperatures using the Arrhenius equation.Respectively,for the two reactions,the activation energies were 31.68 kJ·mol^-1 and 47.03kJ·mol^-1,and the pre-exponential factors were 26.99 and 4.07×10⁴.3.The di-16 amide sulfonic betaine(D₁₆ASB)type amphoteric surfactant was synthesized by palmitic acid,diethylenetriamine,formic acid,formaldehyde and sodium3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate.The structure of product was characterized by FT-IR and¹H NMR,and the properties of di-16 amide sulfonic betaine were investigated.The results showed that the optimum conditions of amidation reaction were screened out as follows:the reaction temperature was 160?,the reaction time was 5 h,the molar ratio of diethylenetriamine to palmitic acid was 1.1:1,and the amount of catalyst KOH was 1%.Under these parameters,the conversion of palmitic acid was 95.52%.The optimum conditions of methylation reaction were screened out as follows:the reaction temperature was 95?,the reaction time was 7 h,and the molar ratio of secondary amine to formic acid to formaldehyde was 1:3.5:1.5.Under these parameters,the conversion of secondary amine was 99.72%.The optimum conditions of quaternization reaction were screened out as follows:the reaction temperature was 90?,the reaction time was 2 h,and the molar ratio of sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate to tertiary amine was 1.1:1.Under these parameters,the conversion of tertiary amine was 80.62%.The critical micelle concentration and surface tension of di-16 amide sulfonic betaine were1.63×10^-5 mol/L and 26.23 mN/m respectively.The order of emulsifying properties of different oil phases from largest to small were benzene,tetrafluoroethylene,liquid paraffin,turpentine.The foam performance of hard water was 146.3 mm.