The Temporal And Spatial Evolution And Influence Mechanism Of Tourism Ecological Security In Coastal Cities Based On The PSR Model

In recent years,with the rapid development of the social economy and the vigorous promotion of paid holidays,China’s tourism industry has developed rapidly and entered the era of mass tourism.At the same time,due to the rapid development of tourism activities such as diving,cruise ships and yachts,and the growth of marine tourism demand,the coastal tourism industry has become an essential pillar of China’s marine economy.However,the rapid development of tourism has also exerted tremendous pressure on the ecological environment of tourist destinations.Driven by the slogan of the "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and the concept of the community of shared life,the state and people are paying more and more attention to the protection and governance of the ecological environment.How to make the tourism and ecological environment in a harmonious and balanced state,and how to improve ecological tourism security are important issues that we cannot ignore in the development of tourism.As the "golden coast" of northern China,the Bohai Rim region attracts a large number of tourists from all over the world,and the coastal tourism industry in the Bohai Rim region is booming.Based on the 17 coastal cities in the Bohai Rim region,combined with the characteristics of coastal tourism,this paper constructs a tourism ecological security evaluation index system based on PSR model,and comprehensively uses Standard Deviational Ellipse model,dynamic degree model,Markov chain model and geoDetector to evaluate their tourism ecological security,analyze their temporal and spatial evolution,and explore its impact mechanism.Get the following conclusions:(1)From 2000 to 2015,the tourism eco-safety index of the Bohai Rim region was in a trend of slow volatility growth after rapid growth,but the index was still low overall.In terms of space,the overall level of tourism ecological security presented a pattern of "three mountains sandwiched by two valleys".In the pattern,high-value areas are mainly concentrated in areas with high tourism development levels such as Dalian,Tianjin,Qingdao and Weihai.The spatial pattern of tourism ecological security in Shandong Province has evolved from "East high and low west" to balanced,while Liaoning Province has cclow middle".In both directions,the spatial distribution pattern of tourism ecological security in the Bohai Rim region has evolved toward a balanced direction,and the gap in tourism ecological security between cities has decreased.(2)In terms of space-time evolution,the tourism ecological security evolution of each city mainly includes six forms of R-R-R,R-R-D,R-D-R,D-R-D,D-D-D and D-R-R.The number of cities with continuous improvement of tourism ecological security is gradually decreasing.From 2000 to 2015,the tourism ecological security of the region was generally northeast-southwest,and the center of gravity migration experienced a migration to the northeast from 2000 to 2005 and a southwest migration from 2005 to 2015.It shows that in the first phase,the coastal city of Liaoning Province has a greater impact on the overall development of tourism ecological security in the Bohai Rim region.In the second phase,the coastal city of Shandong Province has a more significant impact on the overall development of tourism ecological security in the Bohai Rim region.The speed of change of tourism eco-safety level decreases with the increase of security level,and the change level of each security level is the fastest in 2005-2010.The change of tourism ecological security level is mainly in the form of gradual change and has a certain time stability dependence.The probability that a lower level of security level transitions to a higher level of security level is decreasing year by year,while the probability of a higher level of security level transitioning to a lower level is increasing year by year.This reflects the fatigue of the improvement of tourism ecological security in the emergency stage.(3)In terms of impact mechanism analysis,the tourism ecological security of coastal cities in the Bohai Rim region is affected by many factors.Tourism load level,tourism economic development level,resource environment and policy regulation are the main influencing factors,and the influence of each factor has changed in different years.The development level of tourism economy is the primary influencing factor.Since there is less research on tourism ecological security in coastal cities,we combine the characteristics of coastal tourism to establish an evaluation index system for coastal tourism ecological security and broaden the evaluation field of tourism ecological security.Our results would provide a reference for the study of tourism ecological security in coastal cities.Meanwhile,using the region as the research scale,the geoDetector analysis method was introduced in the field of tourism eco-safety research,and the spatial and temporal evolution law and influence mechanism of tourism eco-safety were analyzed.To lay a theoretical foundation for improving and enhancing tourism ecological security.This study will help to enrich the research content of tourism ecological security,and also provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and improvement of tourism ecological security,and provide a reference for the construction of tourism ecological security system and management system.