| Arid and semi-arid arable land in northern China has problems such as low yield and poor lodging resistance of crops due to low rainfall,large sand,shallow ploughing,and soil compaction.How to preserve rain and snow to form soil moisture,avoid soil nutrient loss,and achieve protection and fertilizer conservation has become a research hotspot.Field trials have proved that the key technologies for soil improvement and mechanization in arid and semi-arid regions are suitable for arid and semi-arid regions in northern China.Achieving the improvement of mechanization and speeding up the development of related agricultural machinery and tools is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting crop yield increase and increasing farmers' income.The topic of this paper is from the Hebei Science and Technology Plan Project(16227503D): “Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Soil Improvement and Mechanization in Arid Areas”.The main research results and conclusions of the thesis research are as follows:(1)This paper introduces the domestic and foreign scholars' technical methods for soil conservation and improvement,analyzes and compares the related agricultural machinery and tools,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the current soil improvement and conservation technology.This paper proposes a method for improving the meridian technology of mechanized soil in arid and semi-arid arable land(that is,the deep hole of the rectangular array distributed and applying soil amendment),which provides a scientific theoretical basis for the design of the traction soil improvement and protection machinery..(2)Based on the actual situation of the current agricultural machinery and agronomy,the general design principles and overall structure of the machine are proposed.On the basis of theoretical calculation and experiment,it is determined that the traction-type soil improvement and maintenance machine is pulled by the 22.05 kw tractor,the working speed is 70m/h,the working width is 1.8m;the drilling is arranged in a matrix,and the drilling diameter is 90~ 110 mm,the hole depth is 250~330mm,the hole spacing is 550~650mm;the soil is oriented in the direction of semi-circular river bank;the soil amendment agent device realizes stepless adjustment,drilling and quantitative application of soil improver at the same station.(3)Using Pro/E and CATIA to model and analyze the key components of the traction soil improvement and maintenance machine.The overall structure and working principle of the machine are determined.The hollow core auger structure was designed,and the auger material was determined to be 65 Mn,the screw diameter was 45 mm,the spiral blade thickness was 2mm,the lead was 90 mm,and the spiral angle was 16°.(4)The analysis determines that the machine adopts the hydraulic system transmission,analyzes the working process of the machine,solves the relevant parameters of the mechanics,selects the hydraulic components according to the mechanical parameters,and determines the hydraulic principle diagram.(5)The field test shows that the diameter of the drilled soil improvement and protection integrated machine is 100-110 mm and the depth is 250-330mm;the distance between the primary operation and the secondary operation is between 550~650mm;According to the adjustment of the working direction,the shape and weight of the dumping soil are stable;the soil conditioner can be stably adjusted in a stepless manner,and the soil conditioner and some falling soils fall on the bottom of the deep hole.The traction soil improvement and maintenance machine has reached the design requirements.The mechanized soil improvement and protection technology has improved the poor soil and provided a reference for the development of other types of soil conservation and improvement machinery. |
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