| Traditional Chinese medicine safflower is the dried tubular flower of the composite plant Carthamus tinctorius L.,also known as red and blue flowers,prickly safflower and grass safflower,with bitter taste,wet nature,heart and liver meridian,and the effect of activating blood circulation,removing blood stasis,and relieving pain through meridian.Due to its wide application in the fields of pharmacy,food,textile and cosmetics,the demand for safflower continues to increase.Consequently,the quality of safflower is uneven,and there are sand mixing,dyeing and adulteration in the market,which seriously affeect the drug safety and effectiveness of safflower.In view of this,this study collected 32 batches of safflower from the whole country as the research object,and tested the relevant indicators of safflower from the aspects of character identiflcation,physical and chemical identification and content determination.The microwave digestion conditions of safflower were established and the contents of 9 trace elements in safflower were determined by ICP-MS.The condition of electrochemical fingerprint of safflower was established.This study provided data support for improving the current quality standard of safflower and technical support for improving the quality standard of safflower.The research results are as follows:1.From identification and physical and chemical identification,content determination of the quality standard research of safflower samples:32 safflower medicines of moisture content is between 5.1 1%?9.00%,the total ash content between 6.72%?13.81%,acid insoluble ash content between 1.05%?5.14%,extract content between 33.55%?45.83%,absorbance range between 0.2577?0.6724,hydroxy safflower yellow pigment content is between 1.114%?4.465%,A resurrectionlily element content between 0.041%?0.121%.2.The microwave digestion conditions of safflower were established:8ml concentrated nitric acid was used as the digestion system;Under the power of 1600 w,6 min temperature rise to 120?,keep 3 min,8 min temperature up to 180? for 15 min.Under these conditions,the digestion of safflower was complete and more safe and efficient than other methods.3.ICP-MS was used to determine the content of 9 trace elements in 32 batches of safflower samples,the detection condition is:RP power 1550 w;Carrier gas flow(Ar)1.02 L/min;Auxiliary gas flow(Ar)0.35 L/min;Collision gas flow(He)5L/min;Peristaltic pump 0.1 RPS;Sampling depth:8mm;Repeat 3 times;The tuning mode is He gas mode.Atomization room temperature 2?;The stabilization time is 25 s.The contents of 9 trace dements in 32 batches of safflower were:Mg:837?2775 ?g/g,Ca:1062?4260 ?g/g,Cr:0.19?4.31 ?g/g,Mn:19.34?46.31 ?g/g,Fe:200.49?1217.00?g/g,Co:0?0.35 ?g/g,Cu:8.37?16.47 ?g/g,Zn:0.29?3.21 ?g/g,Cd:0.01?0.06 ?g/g.4.The electrochemical fingerprint conditions of safflower were established:37?,dosing amount 1.0 g,leaching time 15 min,c(H+)=2.0 mol/L,c(BrO3-)=0.8 mol/L,c(Ce4+)=0.01 mol/L,c(malonic acid)=0.1 mol/L,c(tartaric acid)=0,011 mol/L.The electrochemical fingerprints under these conditions are relatively stable,and the specificity of the electrochemical fingerprints of 32 batches of safflower is good.Electrochemical fingerprint reaction is medicinal laterials of cluster information,in the shape of a fingerprint can see different origin of the red flower,the electrochemical fingerprint difference is bigger,the fingerprint parameters,can more accurately reflect the red flower of the differences between different regions,therefore,compared with the determination of single component content,the electrochemical fingerprint without complex pretreatment process,also can reflect quantitative identification of medicinal materials of producing area difference,this to improve safflower medicines quality standard provides technical reference and data support.5.Cluster analysis was carried out on the test results of 32 batches of safflower samples.The quality of safflower is directly related to its origin,to identify the origin of saflflower,so as to further trace the origin of safflower of different qualities,ensure the traceability of the information of the origin of safflower,and provide technical support for improving the quality of safflower as a whole and screening high-quality safflower.From the clustering results,the origin of safflower could not be distinguished effectively only according to the indexes specified in the pharmacopoeia,so other methods and techniques were needed to improve the quality standard of safflower.Clustering results showed that xinjiang and qinghai safflower can always get together for a class,in combination with soil texture distribution,the main reason may be in xinjiang and qinghai region in the soil sand content is higher than other areas,environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,altitude and climate may also be the key factor affecting the quality of safflower,it also provides prospect the direction for further research of this paper. |
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