| This study was to evaluate the effects of two trace element patterns and two microecologicals on the performance,meat quality and nutrient utilization of yellow feather broiler.According to the principle of similar body weigh,Four hundred,1-day-old,yellow male feathered broilers were assigned randomly in four groups with 5 replicates of 20 broilers per replicate.The four experimental treatments were trace element model 1 group,trace element model 1 + probiotics group were trace element model 2 group,trace element model 2 + EM group.The trail period was 10 weeks,divided into 1-35 days and 36-70 days.Results of this experiment showed that:1)Compared with trace element pattern 2,the average daily gain of broilers in trace element pattern 1 group was significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups(P < 0.05).Adding probiotics on basis of trace element pattern 1 to the the average daily gain of broilers in trace element pattern 1 group was significantly decreased(P < 0.05),while adding EM on the basis of trace element pattern 2 had no significant effect on growth performance and mortality of broilers(P > 0.05).2)At the age of 70 days,trace element pattern and two microecological preparations had no significant effect on broiler slaughter performances,but the addition of microecologicas reduced the abdominal fat of broiler(P > 0.05).3)Compared with the two trace element modes,the model 2 group has higher bursa index than that of model 1 group(P < 0.05),while the index of other organs were no evident difference(P > 0.05).Adding probiotic significantly increased the bursa index of broilers(P< 0.05),and the addition of EM had no significant effect on the organ index of broilers(P >0.05).4)The red a-value of leg muscle in trace element mode 1 was significantly higher than that in mode 2(P < 0.05)at 24 and 48 hours after slaughter,and the p H value of breast muscle was significantly lower than that in model 2 group(P < 0.05).The two microecologicals had no significant effect on the breast muscle quality of the 70 days broilers(P > 0.05).In the probiotics group,the red a-value of the leg muscle decreased significantly(P < 0.05),the red a-value of the leg muscle decreased significantly(P < 0.05)and the brightness increased significantly(P < 0.05)at 48 h.The value of redness of the leg muscle of broilers in EM group increased significantly at 24 hours after slaughter(P < 0.05).5)There was no significant effect on the amino acid composition of the breast and leg muscles of the yellow feather broiler(P > 0.05)by adding two kinds of patterns of trace element supplement in this experiment,and there was no significant effect on the content of17 kinds of amino acid,total essential amino acid,total non essential amino acid and the delicious amino acid of the breast and leg muscles of the broiler(P > 0.05)by adding probiotics in microelement mode 1.The addition of EM in microelement mode 2significantly reduced the content of methionine in breast muscle(P < 0.05).There was no significant effect on fatty acid composition of breast and leg muscles of 70-day-old broilers.6)The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,dry matter and organic matter between were not influenced by trace element pattern(P > 0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein,dry matter and organic matter decreased by 15.9%,5.49% and4.89% respectively in the probiotic group(P < 0.05),but addition of EM had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,dry matter and organic matter(P > 0.05).7)At the age of 35 days,the total excretion of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in model 2 group was significantly higher than that in model 1 group(P < 0.001),in which the excretion of Fe and Zn was significantly higher than that in model 1 group(P < 0.001),and the excretion of Cu and Mn was significantly lower than that in model 1 group(P < 0.001);at the age of 70 days,the total excretion of trace elements in model 2 group was significantly higher than that in model 1 group(P = 0.012)Among them,iron and zinc excretion increased by 32.76%(P <0.01),54.93%(P < 0.001),and a decrease in copper and manganese excretion by 31.28%(P< 0.001),21.54%(P < 0.001).8)The total excretion of copper,iron and manganese decreased significantly(P < 0.05)and zinc decreased(P > 0.05)in the probiotics group at the age of 35 days.At the age of 70 days,the total excretion increased by 3%,of which iron decreased by 1.51%,copper,zinc and manganese increased by 13.01%,6.66% and 19.11%,respectively(P < 0.001).At the end of 0-35 days,the total excretion of trace elements decreased by 10.88%(P < 0.001),except for the significant increase of zinc content(P < 0.001),the total excretion of copper,iron and manganese in the excretion decreased to some extent;at the age of 70 days,the total excretion of trace elements decreased,but the effect was not significant(P > 0.05),in which the excretion of copper,iron and manganese decreased by 7%,16.31%,19.79%,and the excretion of zinc increased by 9.63%.9)The contents of Cu,Fe,Zn and Mn in breast and leg muscles of 70 day’s broilers were not affected by trace element pattern and two microecological preparations(P > 0.05),and the contents of Fe and Zn in serum were not affected by trace element pattern and two microecological preparations(P > 0.05),the liver of model 2 group has higher content of iron than that of model 1 group(P < 0.05),and the addition of EM significantly increased the content of manganese in the liver(P < 0.01).In conclusion,the effect of microelement mode 1 is the best,which is better than that of microelement mode 2,probiotic group and microelement mode 2 + EM group.That is to say,the amount of copper,iron,zinc,manganese and selenium in the diet is 10,58.5,50,50 and0.3mg/kg respectively,which can not only meet the growth needs of yellow feather broilers,but also reduce the environment pollution caused by microelement excretion. |
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