| Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC is a perennial herb of the genus Atractylodes of the Compositae family.Its dried rhizome is used as medicine.It has the efficiency of drying wetness and invigorating spleen,and antirheumatism.It is clinically used for abdominal distention,dampness blocking middle energizer,and rheumatic arthralgia.Its medicinal components mainly include sesquiterpenes and enargynes.Phannacopoeia stipulates that its effective component is atractylodin.Modern medical research shows that A.lancea(Thunb.)DC has various effects on digestive system,nervous system,cardiovascular system,etc.It also has liver protecting,diuretic,anti-inflammatory,anti-anoxic,antibacterial,antiviral,hypoglycemic,anti-tumor and other activities.At present,A.lancea(Thunb.)DC faces the problems of exhaustion of wild resources,uneven quality of marketable Atractylodes lancea,confusion of germplasm and continuous cropping obstacles during cultivation.In view of this,on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the distribution areas of Atractylodes lancea in the whole country,this paper collected,sorted and preserved A.lancea(Thunb.)DC germplasm resources,evaluated their phenotypes and effective components,and screened out some high-quality germplasm resources to provide the basis for the introduction and cultivation of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC.At the same time,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of soil microbial communities of continuous cropping A.lancea(Thunb.)DC,which provided a reference for the cultivation of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC and the prevention of continuous cropping obstacles.The main research contents and results can be listed as follows:1.396 germplasm resources of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC from 28 cities and counties in 6 provinces in China,including Shaanxi,Shanxi,Hebei,Henan,Hubei and Jiangsu,were collected and sorted.Twelve phenotypic characteristics of different germplasm resources,such as plant height(PH),cluster stem number(CSN),plant stem diameter(PSD),first grade branch number(FBN),branch length(BL),leaf length(LL),leaf width(LW),leaf shape index(LSI),leaf number(LN),cleft leaf number(CLN),inflorescence number(IN),inflorescence diameter diameter(ID),were statistically analyzed.It was found that the coefficient of variation of PH was the smallest(5.34%),while the coefficients of variation of CSN,IN and LN were the largest,26.97%,26.87%and 25.27%,respectively.Correlation analysis found that PH was positively correlated with PSD and FBN,while ID?LL and LW was positively correlated with BL.The phenotypic difference of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC has a certain correlation with geographical and climatic factors.CSN and LSI are positively correlated with latitude and annual sunshine number(AS),respectively.2.The content of effective components in different germplasm resources is obviously different.The content of atrctylodin in A.lancea(Thunb.)DC germplasm in 25 out of 32 regions is qualified,and the qualified rate is 78.1%.Atrctylodin content in A.chinensis(DC.)Koidz germplasm is the highest in Shizhu Town,Yaozhou,Shaanxi Province,and in A.lancea(Thunb.)DC germplasm is the highest in Jurong,Jiangsu Province.The germplasm resources in Chengde,Hebei province are superior in terms of comprehensive character phenotype and active ingredient content.3.Comparing the content of atrctylodin between wild A.lancea(Thunb.)DC and cultivated A.lancea(Thunb.)DC in four regions including Fuxian,Fengxiang,Luonan and Yijun in Shaanxi province,the results show that the content of atrctylodin in wild A.lancea(Thunb.)DC is significantly higher than that in cultivated A.lancea(Thunb.)DC of four regions.Atrctylodin content in different parts of A.lancea rhizome and fibrous root was studied.It was found that atrctylodin content in A.lancea rhizome was mainly distributed in vascular tissue,and also distributed in periderm and fibrous root.4.The 16S and ITS amplicon techniques were used to study the soil microbial diversity of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC excavated in diffirent years.Alpha diversity analysis of soil microbial community showed that planting A.lancea(Thunb.)DC could significantly increase soil bacterial diversity,but its effect on soil fungal diversity was not obvious.In soil bacterial communities of cropping land of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC,the abundance of Actinobacteria?Thaumarchaeota?Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi increased but Verrucomicrobia decreased.Further,we found the abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Gemmatimonas significantly decreased at the genus level.In soil fungal communities of cropping land of A.lancea(Thunb.)DC,the abundance of Mortierellomycota increased but Ascomycota and Basidiomycota decreased.At the genus level,we found the abundance of Mortierella and Dactylonectria significantly increased,but the abundance of Tausonia?Plectosphaerella?Alternaria and Acremonium significantly decreased... |
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