Based On Event-related Potentials To Explore The Neuroregulatory Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Children With Autism

Research background :Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),autism for short,which refers to a group of people whose main clinical characteristics are social interaction,language disorder and deviating from normal interest behavior.It belongs to neurodevelopmental disorder.At present,the autism group has a higher incidence rate.The treatment methods for ASD mainly include behavior intervention therapy,Sensory integration training,etc.most of the above treatments are from the perspective of psychology and behavior,with limited effect.As a stable and noninvasive neuromodulation technology,non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS)is widely concerned in the treatment of stroke,depression,autism and other diseases.Among them,transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has attracted much attention because of its low output intensity,high safety,and low risk of adverse reactions.In recent years,many researchers at home and abroad have used tDCS to intervene the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)or temporal lobe of ASD patients,and achieve certain effect.However,event-related potentials can reflect the changes of EEG information in the cognitive processing process of the subjects.At present,There are few studies on tDCS intervention in autism at home and abroad.Therefore,this study uses EEG technology to collect the EEG information of the subjects,observe the changes of symptoms and EEG information before and after transcranial DC stimulation intervention,and discuss the relationship between EEG and symptom change.Objective:in this study,transcranial direct current stimulation was used to intervene the dorsolateral prefrontal area of autistic children,and the Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC)was used And sensory integration development scale was used to evaluate whether the symptoms of ASD children were improved,and event-related potential was used to observe whether the EEG of ASD children was improved,and to explore the relationship between the improvement of symptoms and the changes of EEG.Methods:From December 2018 to December 2019,children with autism who wereenrolled in Dagang special education school and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly enrolled into the real stimulation group and the pseudo stimulation group by using the random number table.There was no statistical difference in the age,gender,scale score,EEG index and other general data between the two groups.The real stimulation group was anode tDCS combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment.The control group was treated with pseudo stimulation and conventional rehabilitation.Both groups received routine sensory integration training and behavior analysis with the same content,for four weeks rehabilitation effect observation,three times a week,one day apart each time,a total of 12 times.During the treatment,all subjects were required to receive three related scale tests and two EEG tests.Statistical methods: all data in this study were analyzed by spss21.0.test was used for counting data,paired sample t test was used for measuring data and comparison before and after treatment in the group,and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups.The repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measurement variance analysis,the non normal data by the rank sum test,the EEG index and the rehabilitation scale by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:1.Totally 31 subjects were included in the experiment,including 16 cases(8.12± 2.09 years old)in the true stimulation group,14 cases(7.64 ± 2.34 years old)in the false stimulation group,and one patient fell off due to low coordination.2.The results of Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC)showed that before the intervention,there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P > 0.05),and there was significant difference in each sub item of ABC data in the real stimulation group before and after the intervention(P < 0.05),here were significant differences in sensory,motor and total scores in the pseudo stimulus group(P < 0.05).After the intervention,there were significant differences in sensory,communication,language and total scores between the two groups(P < 0.05),here was no statistical difference in motor and self-care ability(P > 0.05);Before the experiment,there was no significant difference in sensory integration ability between the two groups(P >0.05),After the intervention,there was a significant difference in the true stimulation group compared with the previous group except for the special problems of older children(P < 0.05).There was a significant difference in the false stimulation group except for the learning ability and the special problems of older children(P < 0.05).After the treatment,there were significant differences in vestibular sense,tactile sense,proprioception and total score between the two groups(P < 0.05).3.EEG results showed that there was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of mismatched negative wave MMN between the two groups before and after the intervention(P > 0.05)in the FZ lead(10-20 international standard EEG position in the frontal midline).After the intervention,the latency and amplitude of mismatched negative wave in the true stimulation group were significantly improved(P < 0.05),and the latency and amplitude of mismatched negative wave in the false stimulation group were not statistically significant Compared with the pseudo stimulation group,the latency and amplitude of the true stimulation group were significantly higher(P < 0.05).4.The results of correlation analysis between EEG and the scale showed that there was a negative correlation between the amplitude of negative wave MMN in FZ lead and the total score of behavioral scale for autistic children(r =-0.481,P < 0.05),and a positive correlation between the amplitude of negative wave MMN in FZ lead and the total score of behavioral scale for autistic children(r =-0.440,P < 0.05),and a positive correlation between the latency of negative wave MMN in FZ lead and the total score of behavioral scale for autistic children(r = 0.540,P < 0.05),which was negatively correlated with the total score of sensory integration(r =-0.520,P < 0.05).Conclusion:The results show that transcranial direct current stimulation can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of children with autism,including speech,social,sensory and other aspects.At the same time,it can produce neural regulatory effects on the brain of autistic patients.It can shorten the latency and increase the amplitude of event-related potential mismatch negative wave MMN,and the improvement of clinical symptom score is accompanied by MMN tends to be normal.