| Panax notoginseng is the dried root and rhizome of Araliaceae ginseng perennial herb Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen.It has the effects of hemostasis,blood circulation and blood supplement.The market demand for Panax notoginseng is large,but there are serious continuous cropping obstacles in its own right.The Dao-di producing areas of Panax notoginseng is continuously shrinking,which has prompted the expansion of Panax notoginseng producing areas to other places.There is a phenomenon that non Dao-di producing areas of Panax notoginseng acts Dao-di producing areas of Panax notoginseng,and the quality of Panax notoginseng falls.At present,the conclusion of the quality difference of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas is not clear,which seriously affects the clinical application safety of Panax notoginseng.Therefore,in this study,the quality of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas is comprehensively evaluated through the use of multiple indicators such as appearance traits,chemical composition,blood circulation effect,heavy metal content and other multiple statistical methods.To clarify the quality difference of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas and analyze the feasibility of expansion of Panax notoginseng producing areas.The factors affecting the quality of Panax notoginseng are ecological factors and human operations.At present,there are few studies on the correlation between whether seeds are retained,soil microorganisms and the quality of Panax notoginseng.Therefore,in this study,by analyzing the climatic factors,soil microbial diversity and the differences in quality between chunqi and dongqi,looking for the superior ecological factors related to quality,a preliminary understanding of the quality formation mechanism of Panax notoginseng.The research results are as follows:1.The appearance traits of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas are different,but there is no obvious rule.The shape of each producing area is mainly radish.By analyzing the contents of water,extracts,3 kinds of saponins,total flavonoids,total polysaccharides,total saponins,5 representative saponins and notoginsenosides of Panax notoginseng from different places,the quality differences of Panax notoginseng from different places are compared.The moisture,extract content,and saponins content of Panax notoginseng from 16 producing areas meet the requirements of the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,that is,Panax notoginseng from all producing areas can be used as medicine.Pharmacopoeial index principal component analysis results,where the quality of Wenshan and Yanshan Panax notoginseng is good,and the quality of Sichuan Panax notoginseng is relatively poor.It is found that the total flavonoid content in Wenshan,Guangxi and other producing areas is relatively high,and the total flavonoid content in Panax notoginseng differs in different producing areas.There are differences in the total polysaccharide content in different producing areas,The producing areas with higher contents are Wenshan and Yanshan.The content of total saponins in Panax notoginseng is higher in Baoshan,Mengzi and Luxi,and the content in lower part is Qujing,Sichuan and Xishuangbanna;the total content of the five representative saponins is compared,and the places with higher content are Yanshan,Jianshui and Kunming However,Sichuan,Xishuangbanna and Qujing have the lowest content.Comparing the trends of total saponins and representative saponins,it is found that there are differences between the five representative saponins with high total saponins content and those with high total saponins content,but the low content of areas has the same.The producing areas with high content of dencichine are Qujing,Sichuan and Guangxi,which are different from other active ingredients in the level of change.The main component analysis results are Yanshan>Malipo>Luxi>Wenshan>Mile>Kunming>Jianshui>Baoshan>Luxi>Guangxi>Mengzi>Qujing>Guizhou>Xishuangbanna>Sichuan,among which Yanshan and Malipo Wenshan and Wenshan all belong to Panax notoginseng,while Xishuangbanna and Sichuan are currently few growing areas.From the perspective of chemical composition,the quality of Panax notoginseng from different origins was evaluated.The Dao-di producing areas of Panax notoginseng has high chemical composition content and better quality.2.Atomic absorption method and the atomic fluorescence method are used to compare the differences of 5 heavy metals in copper,arsenic,lead,mercury,and cadmium in Panax notoginseng from different producing areas.It is found that the contents of copper,arsenic,lead,and mercury in Panax notoginseng in 16 origins are not exceeded the standard,but the production area of Luxi and Qujing exceeded the standard in terms of cadmium content.Principal component analysis found that Honghe Prefecture and Qujing have higher levels of heavy metals,while Wenshan and Guangxi provinces with lower levels,3.In vitro anti-platelet aggregation model and mouse tail thrombosis model are used to compare the effect of promoting blood circulation of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas.Through the in vitro anti-platelet aggregation experiment,it is found that the equivalent human administration dose is 6 to 8 times the blood circulation effect is good.In vitro anti-platelet aggregation experiments screened out the four producing areas with better blood circulation effect are Mengzi,Mile,Guangxi and Baoshan.The places with better blood circulation effect in vivo are Mile,Sichuan,Guangxi and Baoshan.Based on the principal component analysis method for in vivo and in vitro experimental data analysis,Yanshan,Xishuangbanna,Guangxi,and Qujing ranked first.Among the in-vitro and in-vitro results,the places with the best effect of Panax notoginseng Huoxue are Guangxi and Baoshan,indicating that in vivo and in vitro experiments have similar rules.The principle of anti-thrombotic effect of Panax notoginseng is related to anti-platelet aggregation.The property of Guangxi Panax notoginseng has the best blood circulation effect,while Xishuangbanna Panax notoginseng has low chemical content but good blood circulation effect.Ginsenosides Rgl and Re are the main components of blood circulation.The effect of promoting blood circulation cannot be evaluated only by the content of chemical components,understanding the substance basis of the drug effect is the key.4.Using principal component analysis combined with blood circulation and chemical composition indicators to evaluate the quality of Panax notoginseng,it is found that the quality of the three producing areas of Malipo,Baoshan,and Luxi is relatively good.The quality of the producing areas of Qujing,Xishuangbanna,and Sichuan is relatively poor.Using gray correlation degree method combined with TOPSIS method,the order of quality was Xishuangbanna>Guizhou>Sichuan>Qujing Zhanyi County>Yanshan>Wenshan>Malipo>Luxi Xiangyang Township>Kunming>Luxi Baishui Town>Shizong County of Qujing>Maitreya>Guangxi>Jianshui>Baoshan>Mengzi.it is found that the good quality of producing areas is Sichuan,Xishuangbanna,Guizhou.5.The high-throughput sequencing method is used to analyze the soil microorganisms of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas,and the main chemical composition differences of Chunqi and Dongqi are compared by LC-MS technology,and the correlation between climate and quality formation is analyzed.The study found that the annual temperature difference is beneficial to the accumulation of ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rb1,and Rd.The increase in precipitation can increase the content of notoginseng and total flavonoids to a certain extent.Panax notoginseng is suitable for growing in producing areas where the annual temperature difference is small and the precipitation is relatively high.The annual temperature difference is small,which can increase the content of ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1,and Rd.The total flavonoid content is free from the annual precipitation,and the large amount of precipitation can provide the total flavonoid content to a certain extent.Panax notoginseng element is related to precipitation and temperature.The temperature fluctuates greatly,and the increase of precipitation in the driest season can increase the content of Panax notoginseng element.The number of bacterial species in Panax notoginseng microorganisms from different producing areas is higher than that of fungi,and the microbial composition of different producing areas is similar in species.The air fungi Plectosphaerella and Tetracladiu can increase the content of 5 kinds of saponins,and the negative correlation effect Mortierella can reduce the content of saponins.Bacteria are Allorhizobium—Neorhizobium—Pararhizobium—Rhizobium,Sphingobium,NovoSphingobium,to promote the increase of saponin content,and Arthrobacter to reduce the saponin content.The content of main functional components in Yunnan Wenshan Dongqi is higher than Chunqi,In the case The Dao-di producing areas ofof Panax notoginseng,after the seeds are retained,the content of chemical components in the main root of Panax notoginseng increases. |
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