Research On The Anti-Fascist Resistance Movement In Greece

Greece is located in the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula,known as the"powder keg of Europe".Because of its important geographical position,Greece had naturally become a coveted object of great powers.After the First World War,the contradictions between countries were temporarily hidden,but with the emergence of the "Great Depression" in the economy and the establishment of fascist dictatorship,the whole of Europe was shrouded in the shadow of war.Mussolini was ambitious for the Balkans and aspired to be the dominant power in the region.And as part of Hitler's Mediterranean strategy,he also agreed to put Greece under the control of the Axis Powers.But when Hitler sent troops to Romania on October 7,1940,he did not notify Mussolini at all,which made Mussolini aware of the great threat to Italy's expansion in the Balkans,In this case,on October 28,Italy invaded Greece,but the Italian army met with strong resistance from the Greek army,which put them in a very disadvantageous position.The defeat of the Italian army in Greece made Hitler's entire war plan face many potential problems.In order to help his partners and to have a stable southern wing at the time of the invasion of the Soviet Union,Germany invaded Greece.Under the German attack and the Italian counterattack,Greece fell and was partitioned,and fascist occupation began.Axis's predatory policy towards Greece had disastrous consequences,leading to soaring prices and famine in Greek society.In this case,the struggle against the Axis began.The first was the rise of sporadic resistance movements,in which people acted either as individuals or as small groups and resisted the Axis Powers in various ways,although these actions were subject to varying degrees of revenge by the Axis Powers.But the mutual encouragement of the people,until the formal establishment of the resistance organization,retained the hope of resistance.After that,resistance organizations continued to be established,the most important of which was the establishment of the National Liberation Front(EAM).In addition to the establishment of the National League for Democracy(EDES)and the National and Social Liberation Organization(EKKA),they were charged with the task of resistance in Greece.Although their respective aims were different,and even conflict with each other,objectively speaking,it still played a role in the development of the Greek resistance.In addition to the establishment of the resistance,Britain also intervened in the Greek resistance movement,which earlier supported the development of the resistance movement and sent Special Operation Executive(SOE)to operate in Greece.The most important thing was that EAM,EDES and SOE worked together to blow up the Gorgopotamos viaduct and become one of the climaxes of the resistance movement.Since then,the resistance had continued to develop,although suffered revenge from the Axis,but the momentum of the resistance was unstoppable.At a time when the resistance was on the verge of victory,however,because of postwar interests,Britain began to change its attitude and devise criminal plans to stifle Greek democratic forces and interfere in Greece's internal affairs.With the signing of The Lebanon Conference and The Caserta Agreement,EAM was severely weakened.Britain's public intervention in Greece's internal affairs and the suppression of demonstrations in Athens led to the outbreak of the Greek civil war.Throughout the Greek anti-fascist resistance movement,EAM played an important role,and it was an important factor in the final victory of the resistance movement.However,because of the consideration of the interests of the post-war era,Britain openly interfered in the internal affairs of Greece and dragged Greece into the abyss of civil war when the anti-fascist resistance movement won the victory.