An Experimental Study On The Influence Of Feedback On Prospective Memory

Prospective memory,refers to a memory ability of the maintenance and implement of future intention or action,is critical to individual's living independently.Therefore,the failure of prospective memory has a profound impact on our daily life,work,study,and even healthcare.The mechanism and influence factor of prospective memory has been a focus in the field of prospective memory.Feedback,a combination of subjective and objective variable,not only contains the information of output brought by the stimulus or the behavior itself,but also involves the meta-cognition monitoring in cognitive processing.It can be used to predict future action or intention so as to improve and adjust individual performance.However,relatively less research has focused on the effect of feedback on prospective memory.Although previous studies showed that feedback promoted prospective memory performance,this promotion confused the role of feedback valence with feedback content in prospective memory.Furthermore,It didn't explain the effect of feedback valence on the mechanism of prospective memory.Although three mainstream theoretical models have been proposed,which has focused on isolating whether a particular prospective memory task is supported either by effortful monitoring processes or by cue-driven spontaneous processes.The possibility is ignored that both monitoring and spontaneous retrieval may be utilized dynamically to support prospective memory.Moreover,the treatment of ongoing task context variability may have obscured the laboratory investigation of the dynamic role of spontaneous processes and monitoring processes in the fulfillment of delayed intentions.Based on this,present study investigated the potential neural mechanism of event-based prospective memory and the dynamic interaction of spontaneous retrieval and monitoring,by manipulating feedback content,feedback valence,and the variability of ongoing task in three experiments.Experiment 1 manipulated the output feedback of different tasks with "the dual task paradigm",to verify the enhanced effect of feedback in the process of prospective memory processing.In addition,we explored the process of dynamic prospective memory processing by analyzing the cost of monitoring under different feedback conditions.Experiment 2 manipulated the feedback valence to explore how feedback valence affect the prospective memory performance under the condition of ongoing task variability.The main objective of experiment 3 is to investigate the influence of feedback valence on prospective memory with respect to distinct phases composing prospective memory using ERPs.The EEG shows high temporal resolution that allows for a precise investigation of temporal and topographic changes.The underlying neural mechanism the presentation of feedback was discussed from an electrophysiological perspective.Based on the results of three experiments,we draw the following conclusions:(1)Feedback can effectively boost prospective memory performance.That is,there exists an enhanced effect of feedback on prospective memory.(2)The enhanced effect of feedback on prospective memory did differ in valence.Compared with negative feedback,positive feedback resulted in a better prospective memory performance.Meanwhile,the effect of feedback valence on prospective memory was constrained by the variability of ongoing task.Under the condition of ongoing task variability,positive feedback of prospective memory performance is better than the prospective memory performance under negative feedback,and background task without change.However,there is no difference between positive feedback and negative feedback under the ongoing task invariability condition.(3)In the early stage of prospective memory processing,positive feedback promoted the greater activation of N300 component to an extent than negative feedback,reflecting the process of cue detection for prospective intention.The N300 component was related to strategically monitoring for the appearance of prospective memory cues.Nevertheless,in the retrieval and implement phase of prospective memory,prospective positivity was more activated by positive feedback relative to negative feedback.Prospective positivity revealed the automatic retrieval process of prospective memory,associated with the retrieval of the intention.(4)there exists the dynamic interplay of retrieval processes in prospective memory.When to strategically monitoring or spontaneously retrieve prospective memory was constrained by feedback valence and the variability of ongoing task.