The Influence Of The Intention Of Cooperative Action On The Carrying Capacity Of The Object's Action: Evidence From Individuals With Different Viewpoints

In our daily interactive scenario,when someone gives us a tool(e.g.,an ax),we reach out to take the ax.To perform such a simple action,we need many complex cognitive processes.These processes include motor information processing,for example,the process of observing the actions of others,as well as the process of object affordance,which is the simulation of potential motor actions that become active in preparation for action when people perceive objects such as tools.In the interactive scenario,people should predict the behavior of others and plan their own actions according to the actions of others.For example,based on others' actions,we infer the intention that the other person wants to let us use the ax,and we could decide to facilitate the person's action by reaching out or taking the ax.Two social intentions are associated with processing action information in interaction scenarios:individual action intention and cooperative action intention.Individual action intention means that a person intends to interact with an object on his/her own,and cooperative action intention means that a person intends to interact with the object in a collaborative fashion,such as moving an object to others.Experiment 1 investigated the influence of social intention on the object affordance by manipulating the action intention of the presenter in the interactive scene.We classified presenter's action intention as individual action intention and cooperative action intention,and asked participants to classify an object by pressing the left-hand or right-hand button.The results showed that the reaction of the participants under the condition of cooperative action intention was significantly faster than that under the condition of individual action intention.More importantly,there appeared object affordance effects only under the condition of individual action intention,but under the condition of cooperative action intention,the object affordance effects was not significant.Experiment 2 investigated the influence of social intention on object affordance in relation to cooperative action intention and individual action intention.Some studies have shown that people's perception of social intention requires a certain perspective-taking ability.Therefore,we can use the perspective-taking ability as an indicator of perceptual ability of social intention of participants.In the experiment 2A,two groups of participants were selected based on the perspective-taking task as follows:a high perspective-taking ability group and a low perspective-taking ability group.In the experiment 2B,the participants in the high and low perspective-taking groups in the control experiment were asked to complete the same task as experiment 1 respectively.The results showed that object affordance was modulated by the social intention in interactive scenarios.Specifically,in the cooperative action intention condition,the object affordance effects were observed in the high perspective-taking group but not in the low perspective-taking group;in the individual action intention condition,the object affordance effects were significant for both perspective-taking groups,and differences between the groups were not observed.Summing up all the results of two experiments,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The object affordance is modulated by cooperation action intention,and independent of the individual action intention.(2)The activation of object affordance depend on the individual perception ability of others intention,which is not a completely automated process.