| In scene perception,the objects and the gestures of others existing in the perceptual scene can provide a lot of action information.How people make actions that are suitable to the current environment has always been a hot topic in the field of perception-action.Life,there are two or more objects at the same time guide people’s action,such as kettle and cup,not only the action afforded by the single object can be activated(such as grasping,moving,etc.),and the cooperative action between the two objects will also be activated(such as a kettle(active object)pours water to the glass(passive object).It has been proved that the cognitive system of individuals responds faster to paired objects that constitute cooperative actions than to paired objects that do not constitute cooperative actions.This facilitation phenomenon is reflected as the paired-object affordance effect in studies.It is found that there are significant differences in the paired-object affordance effect in different scenes.Since there are active and passive objects in paired objects,the appropriate integration of active and passive objects in action scenes will affect the effectiveness of individuals’ use of paired objects.In previous studies,the definition of active and passive objects was mainly based on the habit of using objects in daily life.However,the active and passive functions of objects may have greater flexibility due to the complexity of realistic conditions.Therefore,whether the active and passive states of the object are driven by the familiar functions of the object,or whether they vary according to the use states of the two objects in the operation situation.This is the first question to be answered in this study.In addition,some researchers have proposed that whether the individual’s cognitive system can facilitate the response of cooperative actions may depend on whether the paired objects can form meaningful groups.Previous studies either examined the activation of cooperative actions in pairs with different time intervals or manipulated the facilitation effect of cooperative actions in different response tasks,and found different outcome patterns.In this study,we manipulated the presentation time,presentation space and response task of paired objects simultaneously to test whether group formation is a necessary condition for cooperative action facilitation.In addition,there are more abundant social cues in realistic interaction scenarios,and whether the individual’s response mode to cooperative actions will be different from that in non-realistic scenarios due to different perspectives and interaction modes.This is the third question to be investigated in this study.This study consists of three studies,and eight experimental designs were used to explore the above problems by taking pairs of objects often used together in daily life as experimental materials and the paired-object affordance effect as indicators.Investigating these problems can not only clarify the facilitation conditions of cooperative action,explain inconsistent conclusions in previous studies,also help to guide people how to carry out effective interaction in real social interaction situations.At the same time,it has certain guiding significance for the field of artificial intelligence on how to complete man-machine matching,coordinated operation between components and prevent accidents caused by wrong matching.Specifically,study I manipulated the state of paired objects to examine the criteria for defining active and passive objects in paired objects.In experiment 1,actionable stimulus materials were selected to manipulate different activation states of active and passive objects,the result shows that the action-activation intensity of the passive object affected the paired-object affordance.In experiment 2,we manipulated the action-activation intensity of the passive object on the basis of balancing the difference of the object activation state.We found that the response dominance effect also appeared when the passive object was in the high activation state,and the response of the original active object was inhibited by the cooperative action.In experiment 3,we manipulated the use state between paired objects when the objects were all in high activation state,and found that the highly activated objects which in use in different cooperative relationships dominated the activation of cooperative actions between paired objects.The results suggest that the active and passive objects in the paired object are not dependent on the familiarity of the object,but are dependent on whether the object is in use or not.The second study examined the mechanism of cooperative action activation formed by active and passive objects.In experiment 4,when paired objects were presented sequentially and different response tasks were manipulated,cooperative actions of paired objects were activated when pairs were related and cooperative relationships were formed,while cooperative actions were not activated when paired objects were sequentially judged.In experiment 5,participants were asked to complete the categorical judgment task when paired objects were presented with different ISI(sequential presentation and simultaneous presentation).It was found that when paired objects were presented simultaneously,cooperative actions were activated regardless of whether the pairs were related or not.The result of sequentially presented object condition was the same as experiment 4.In experiment 6,we manipulated the perceptual space of both active and passive objects.When the active and passive objects were in the same perceptual space,we found that the affordance effect of paired objects was found when there was a cooperative relationship between the two objects,but when the two objects were in different spatial levels,no cooperative action activation was found.The results show that the facilitation of cooperative actions between paired objects really requires active and passive objects to form meaningful perceptual wholes in time and space dimensions.In study 3,manipulation interaction modes and perspectives were used to investigate the activation of cooperative actions between paired objects in real interaction situations.In experiment 7,we found that there was no difference in categorical judgment task response under high and low interaction conditions,and the categorical judgment task response was faster than that under no interaction conditions.In experiment 8,the affordance effect of paired objects was not affected by different perspectives.The paired-object affordance effect was found in both the first and third perspective.The results show that in real interaction scenarios,the facilitation of cooperative actions between paired objects is not affected by the object’s relevance,observation perspective and precise cooperative relationship to a certain extent,and is more flexible.Based on the experimental results of the above three studies,the main conclusions are as follows:1.The active and passive states of paired objects are not driven by the familiar functions of the objects,but determined by the use state of the objects in the operation situation.The objects in the use state are active objects,which lead the cooperative actions.2.The facilitation of cooperative actions in paired objects really requires that active and passive objects form meaningful perceptual groups in time and space dimensions.3.In real social interaction scenarios,individuals’ response patterns to cooperative actions are different from those in non-realistic scenarios.Whether the two objects form a perceptual group and the perspective of observation do not limit the facilitation of cooperative actions in real interaction scenarios. |
