| As the last master of the Confucianism in the pre Qin period,Xunzi had a profound influence on his later generations.However,due to the influence of "suppressing Xunzi and popularizing Mencius" for a long time,the research on Xunzi's aesthetic thoughts in academic circles was far less than that of Confucius and Mencius,which is not consistent with Xunzi's position in the history of Chinese aesthetics.In view of this,this article will start from the core concept of Xunzi's etiquette thoughts,based on the study of the "Xunzi" text,through the new theoretical perspective and research methods to analyze his aesthetic thoughts in personality theory,artistic ideal,natural concept.It attempts to systematically present the context of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetics,and further explores the modern value of his aesthetic ideas.The full text is divided into six parts,and the specific contents are as follows:The introduction part includes the topic selection basis,research status,research methods and research significance.It mainly introduces the life and achievements of Xunzi,and summarizes the development process of Xunzi's aesthetic thought research into the revival exploration period,stable development period,system construction period and prosperity period,which based on the existing achievements.The first chapter focuses on the theoretical basis and rich connotation of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas.In the Confucian aesthetic tradition,Xunzi critically inherited the concept of "benevolence" and the spirit of "rites" in Confucius and Mencius' thoughts.He placed the ideological connotation of "righteousness" in the theoretical category of "benevolence" and integrated it with "ritual".Therefore,"benevolence" still occupies an important position in Xunzi's thoughts,and together with his "evil of human nature",he has laid down his aesthetic theoretical basis.In other words,he not only continued the internal degenerative function of“righteousness”,but also highlighted the external normative role of “ritual”,and he advocated the movement from concrete aesthetic activities and real life to discover the essence and laws of beauty.Moreover,Xunzi's discussion of the ideological roots and essential characteristics of personality beauty,artistic beauty,and natural beauty has always been centered on the core idea of etiquette.This is also a necessary way for the transformation of aesthetic thinking from the concept level to the practical level,and is the key to understand the connotation of Xunzi's aesthetic thought.The second chapter mainly discusses the embodiment of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas in his personality theory.Xunzi inherited the ideal personality of Confucius' "benevolence" and Mencius' "righteousness",and emphasized the etiquette of leading and normative,which as anecessary way to achieve the ideal personality.According to the level of moral qualities of people,the people in real life were divided into three different levels of scholars,gentlemen and saints.Moreover,Xunzi believed that the "saint" is the highest moral standard,that is to achieve the "all" and "clique" of the ideal realm,can play a universal guiding role.At the same time,Xunzi further pointed out that people as aesthetic subjects will have different aesthetic experiences because of changes in their mood and environment,which can also influence the construction of ideal personality.Therefore,it is the origin of the gentleman's self-cultivation and self-cultivation,which is the basis of a gentleman's life.Xunzi not only emphasized the importance of acquired learning and accumulation,but also paied attention to the role of aesthetic education in etiquette and justice.Only in this way can we achieve the ideal state of perfection of the “saint”.The third chapter expounds the expression of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas in his artistic ideals.Xunzi's thoughts of rites and music continued the basic spirit of the "Zhou rites",and realized the rational development and ideological reconstruction of the Confucian traditional ritual music culture.He believed that there is a tremendous tension between the mandatory "rites" and the harmonious "music",and the integration of the two can fully realize the change of the esthetic value of rites and music.He also advovated the thoughts of "beauty and kindness" as the ideal aesthetic goal.In addition,Xunzi's aesthetic ideas of etiquette and poetry are also very rich in his poetic and literary theory.That is,literary creation and criticism must use etiquette and norms in order to express people's positive and emotional will to fully play their poetry.The political function of rites and music ultimately achieves the purpose of humanizing aesthetic education and stabilizing social order.Therefore,Xunzi's artistic ideals of music theory,poetry,and literary theory have a high degree of consistency in terms of ideological content and value orientation.The three are mutually reinforcing and mixed,which constitutes Xunzi's unique artistic ideal.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the appearance of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas in his natural ideas.Xunzi criticized and inherited the concept of nature in the pre-Qin period,and put forward a new explanation for natural heaven from the perspective of practical utilitarianism.In his view,natural beings have their own objective laws of development and will not be shifted by the subjective will of man.He believed that neither heaven can rule everything in the world,nor can it be determined that humans are evil.However,Xunzi did not deny the subjective initiative of human beings,and emphasized that human beings can only create favorable conditions for the survival and development of human beings on the basis of respect for nature and the understanding of nature.If people violate the laws of nature and etiquette,they will incur disasters and impediments to development are the basic requirements of the ideal goal of "humanmerges with heaven and earth".Therefore,there is a rich ecological aesthetic sense in Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas,which has a practical and guiding role in improving the natural environment and improving people's quality of life.On the basis of the full text,the concluding part focuses on expounding the profound influence of Xunzi's etiquette aesthetic ideas on the development of contemporary aesthetic education,the construction of literature and art institutions and ecological aesthetic practice. |
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