A Study On The Eastward Transportation Of Medicinal Materials Resources In Yunnan, Guizhou And Sichuan In The Qing Dynasty

The eastward adjustment of resources in the west is a major topic today.The economic interaction between the eastern and western regions has a long history.In the historical period,the eastern medical resources were part of it.Most of the previous studies focus on the distribution of production areas and neglect the flow of resources under social and economic conditions.Therefore,this thesis focuses on the spatial flow of medicinal resources.In terms of academic significance,this thesis attempts to study the spatial flow of medicinal resources in the Yun Gui Chuan area,the hinterland of Southwest China during the Qing Dynasty,by historical and geographical methods.From a practical point of view,this is part of the Western Region’s Eastward Resource Transfer Project during the historical period and provides a background reference for the ongoing eastward adjustment of Western supplies.This article consists of five parts:The introduction part mainly introduces the basic concepts and major contents of this thesis,the origin of the selected topic,research significance,research status,research methods,innovation of the research,the basic framework of the study,and the mainly used data as well as the academic issues needed to be solved.The first chapter summarizes the geographical and environmental factors in the Yun Gui Chuan area and clarifies the reasons for its rich medicinal resources.Besides,referring to the local chronicles of Yun Gui Chuan in the Qing Dynasty,statistics on the main medicinal herbs in the Yun Gui Chuan area and its distribution can be summarized.And the statistics shows that medical herbs like Coptis(黄连),Carthamus tinctorius(红花),and Morinda officinalis(巴戟)are mainly produced in Si Chuan,especially in its western and northern part;herbs like Cordyceps(虫草),Wolfiporia cocos(茯苓),and Fritillary(贝母)are mainly produced in Yun Nan,especially in the western Yun Nan and northern Yun Nan Plateau;herbs like Fallopia multiflora(Thunb.)Harald(何首乌),Cornus(茱萸),and Polygonatum sibiricum(黄精)are mainly distributed in Guiyang and Xing Yi of Gui Zhou.The above researches make it possible to restore the spatial distribution of medical resources objectively.The second chapter discusses the development and utilization of medicinalmaterials in Yun Gui Chuan area.With the historical development and social progress,medical advancement,population growth,epidemic outbreaks,and court demand are all contributing factors.Besides,the allocation and treatment of medicinal resources by the government and the private sector,the local tribute under the government’s supervision,the external export under the control of the government,and the trade of folk medicines have also led to the development of Yun Gui Chuan’s indigenous medicinal materials,and it has become more specialized and structured.In the third chapter,the spatial flow of medicinal materials in Yun Gui Chuan area is studied by exploring The distribution and flow of medicinal materials in Yun Gui Chuan area in the Qing Dynasty,hoping to construct a space mobile network for the transport of western medicinal resources.In the Qing Dynasty,medicinal resources in Yun Gui Chuan area were further developed and shipped to various locations owing to the development of transportation and economy.First of all,in the Si Chuan area,owing to its land and water advantages,medical herbs are mainly distributed in important traffic areas like Cheng Du and Chong Qing.Then we can discuss the direction of its flow,combining water and land,and the major Cheng Du and Chong Qing markets in the province.The interprovincial transportation mainly takes the waterway,transports water from the Yangtze River,and transports Si Chuan medicinal materials to Shang Hai,Guang Zhou,Hong Kong and other places.Due to the backwardness of the economic level in Yun Nan and the unbalanced development among areas,the Yun Nan focuses on the main distribution areas,namely Kunming,Da Li,Li Jiang,and Teng Yue.To study the flow of its medicinal resources,the first is to rely on the Kun Ming central market to ship to Shang Hai,Guang Zhou,Hong Kong and other parts of the country and even Southeast Asia.The second is to rely on regional advantages to transport neighboring provinces and neighboring countries,such as Guang Xi,Gui Zhou,Si Chuan,Tibet,and neighboring countries such as Vietnam,Myanmar,and Laos.In the study of the Gui Zhou part,because of its backward economy and the obvious decentralized nature of the inter-regional market,various commodities cannot be brought together in one central market,and they are generally transported according to their geographical location and traffic conditions.This has advantages in the distribution market.There are Gui Zhong Gui Yang,Zun Yi in northern Fu Jian,Gannan northeastern Si Nan,southeastern Du Yun Prefecture,and so on.Taking the neighboring provinces as the main flow direction,it is mainly transported to Si Chuan,Yun Nan,Hu Nan,and Guang Xi,and then transited by neighboring provinces to JiangSu,Zhe Jiang,Bei Jing,GuangDongand other areas or countries in Southeast Asia.Although the transport of medicinal materials in Yun Gui Chuan has its own characteristics,its transportation area is extensive and it covers all directions,highlighting its important position in the country as a medicine production resource.The fourth chapter elaborates on the influence and significance of the eastern resource adjustment in Western China during the Qing Dynasty,and explains its positive or negative influence on the western and eastern regions respectively.The shortcomings of excessive development and inequitable transportation under the long-term interests of promoting economic development and social stability provide us with reference to and reflections on the development of the western region of China,including the Yun Guyin Chuan region,and the eastward adjustment of western goods.