| In present studies of ancient Greek history,more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the activities and roles of marginal groups such as women,slaves,and metics in city-states.Among them,from the investigation of prostitutes,the social status of women in Athens has always been one of the popular research models in domestic academic circles.However,some men are also involved in sex trading activities,like female prostitutes earning money by selling their bodies.Therefore,this thesis takes the female prostitute and the male prostitute as the research object,and uses Foucault's concept of “discipline” to explore how the Athens city-states in the classical period disciplined the behavior of the group in the social spheres of citizenship,economy and religion,and tried to explain the city-state manifestation how to express the social requirements for different groups of women and moral constraints on male citizens.In the first chapter,I will make a simple combing of the social background and internal operation mode of the development of Athens.In ancient Greece,the origin of prostitution was related to the worship of the goddess Aphrodite.On this basis,the superior geographical location of Athens and developed overseas trade,the democratic system of Athens with the male citizen community as the main feature and the unique love concept of the Greeks have jointly promoted Athens' unique industry and culture.As far as its internal operation is concerned,there is a certain correspondence between the brothel model,the origin of the pimp and the type of jealousy.Understanding the internal composition and operation of the industry has laid the necessary foundation for the following discussion.The second chapter discusses how Athens regulate the behavior of prostitutes in the fields of citizenship,economy,and religion.Firstly,free-born citizens who engaged in sex trade would lose certain civil rights,which was especially evident in male citizens,while the descendants of prostitutes and male citizens were regarded as illegitimate children and cannot have citizenship.Secondly,as a kind of commercial activity,sex trade not only had a great difference in the income of different status,but also the city state also incorporated the industry into the city-state fiscal revenue system through taxation.Last but not least,male prostitutes were severely restricted by city-states in their participation in religious ceremonies because of their citizenship,but female prostitutes were more restricted in the religious field because of their identities as slaves or metics,rather than their professional behavior.The third chapter analyzes the social role of the Athens city-states in the disciplinary group discipline from two aspects.On the one hand,female prostitutes relied on betraying their own bodies for a living.Although they could enter the social field of male citizens and have certain freedom of movement and economic autonomy.However,compared with civic women,the “privilege” possessed by female prostitutes was a manifestation of their low social status.City-states hoped that citizen women could play the social role of a good citizen wife and a future citizen mother.They also required that the class status between non-citizen women and female citizens could be solidified to maintain social stability.On the other hand,although the city state allowed homosexual relationship among male citizens,it pays attention to the ideological and spiritual exchanges between the two sides,emphasizing its educational function.If a citizen of a citizenship was defamed,he was believed to be tempted to sell the interests of the city state.Therefore,the discipline of men and women reflected the moral constraints of city-states on male citizens.Through the analysis of the above three chapters,we can see that the main motivation of the city-state for the group discipline is not to despise the group,but to regulate the social role of different female groups and male citizens. |
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