A Study On The Developmental Status, Influencing Factors And Intervention Of The Change Of Reverse Reasoning In The First Grade Of Primary School Students

Reasoning is the core of thinking.According to its direction,reasoning can be divided into forward reasoning and backward reasoning.The former refers to that the initial state results in the final state,and the latter refers to that the final state results in the initial states.According to its subject matter,it can be divided into "division" reasoning,"change" reasoning and "comparison" reasoning.The first grade of primary school has fully grasped the forward-change reasoning,while the backward-change reasoning is developing,and there are some difficulties for them,which may be related to the mental resources such as inhibition control level and working memory span.Sixty-six pupils of grade one in primary school were selected as subjects and tested by "Variable Reasoning Ability Test","Inhibitory Control Test" and "Working Memory Width Test".The results showed that-1.There are significant differences in the development of different types of variable reasoning ability among the first grade children.The order from high to low is the result set unknown forward reasoning,the change set unknown backward reasoning and the initial set unknown backward reasoning.2.The level of unknown forward reasoning in result set is not correlated with the level of working memory and inhibition control.3.The level of two kinds of backward reasoning is correlated with the level of working memory and inhibition control.Working memory and inhibition control can predict the level of unknown backward reasoning in change set and the level of unknown backward reasoning in initial set.The results of the above-mentioned tests show that variable backward reasoning has certain requirements on inhibition control level and working memory span.So,how to reduce the burden of reverse reasoning on mental resources? In this study,an experimental scheme was designed,in which the "dynamic demonstration teaching method" and the "current teaching method" were used to teach in the experimental class and the control class respectively,and the corresponding pre-and post-tests were carried out:��In the teaching of reverse change reasoning,the effect of dynamic demonstration is better than the current teaching method.