Research On The Education Of Opera In Qing Dynasty

The enlightenment thought centered on Confucianism prevailed in ancient Chinese Society for a long time and became an important means of social control.It played an important role in consolidating feudal rule and stabilizing social order.Drama in Qing Dynasty,as a popular culture,inherits the literary tradition of “Writing are for conveying truths”,the thought of enlightenment contained in drama exerted a subtle,profound and lasting influence on the members of the society at that time.The vicissitude of academic trend of thought in Qing Dynasty influenced the development and change of the thought of drama enlightenment.In the early Qing Dynasty,practical academic trend struck the empty talk of mind in the late Ming Dynasty,and the thought of ethical and moralization in dramas returned.In the mid-Qing Dynasty,with the flourishing of textual,the theory of drama enlightenment rose unprecedentedly.Besides ethical enlightenment,accompanied by the strict cultural policy,political ethical enlightenment,also became the main content of drama enlightenment advocated by rulers.In the late Qing Dynasty,the society was turbulent.Under the influence of Western learning,drama became an ideological tool for various schools to propagate political ideas,improve society,it has the function of reforming vulgar customs and open up people's wisdom.Drama,as a popular culture,is opposite to the official ideology and culture.Therefore,for the purpose of maintaining the ruling order,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty prohibited the contents of the obscene,pilferage and sages in the past dynasties,which hindered the enlightenment of the drama,in order to purify the society.The Qing Dynasty drama contains "slander against the words of the dynasty" and anti-Manchu thoughts,which is a comprehensive campaign to uphold the orthodox status of the Manchu.The more detailed prohibitions on officials and banner man are for the purpose of rectifying the administration and maintaining the Manchu custom of riding and shooting.In addition,drama performances are liable to cause delay farming season,which has a great impact on the stability of social order,thus becoming the focus of the Qing government's prohibition and destruction.In this way,the decree promulgated by the Qing government,the local government set up the institution to prohibit the drama,and the content of the drama was revised,together with the active participation of local gentry and literati,a set of top-down complete anti-destruction system has been formed..But under such a strict ban on destruction,the performance of dramas in the Qing Dynasty not only declined,but became more and more intense.Whether officially or folk,theatrical activities were unprecedented,resulting in a situation of "more forbidding,more developing".This is because emperors and queens of the Qing Dynasty are very fond of drama,the imperial palace plays frequently,the ban on destruction decrees lose efficacy.Moreover,folk theatrical troupe,businessmen,and local governments collude with each other to a certain extent forming a joint force against the banning of drama.The enlightenment of drama in the Qing Dynasty was strengthened unprecedentedly.Traditional feudal ethics such as loyalty,filial piety,chastity and righteousness have become the values universally recognized by the society.They have penetrated deeply into the content of the drama,established a large number of images of loyal ministers,filial piety,men of high principle chaste wives,and provided a model for the people.Wisdom,benevolence and courage,as the three moral qualities advocated by Confucianism,have the function of regulating behavior.Especially in “Lord Guan Opera” of Qing Dynasty,which is the standard of loyal to the emperor and resourcefulness gentlemen.In the Qing Dynasty,the popularity of "Qing Guan Opera" was the people's claims appeal for fairness and justice,as well as the criticism of the dark reality of society.Its upright,enforce laws impractically and honest officials represented by BaoGong dramas could not only enable the people to distinguish between right and wrong,but also set an example for officials.A large number of historical dramas and current affairs dramas appeared in the Qing Dynasty,which contained rich thoughts of political ethics enlightenment.Firstly,summarizing the causes of the Ming Dynasty's demise,expressing the historical reflection of its rise and fall,giving warning to the rulers of the dynasty.Secondly,publicizing the orthodox view of the Manchu,breaking the defense of Yi and Xia,which is also themost unique feature of the political ethics enlightenment thought of the Qing Dynasty.Finally,it criticizes corruption in official and bureaucratic fields,criticizes the darkness of society and expresses the sense of coolness in the world.In a word,the enlightenment of drama in Qing Dynasty has made great progress,it inherits the characteristics of traditional dramas that emphasize ethics and morality,educational content covers a wide range and political ethics is strengthened.Moreover,the system of prohibition and destruction has been perfected,which plays an important role in good social customs and the rule of political order.At the same time,the Enlightenment of the Qing Dynasty's dramas also plays a critical role in satirizing reality,providing reference and warning for the rulers.