Research On Scanlon's Contract Ethics Thought

Scanlon is a contractual representative of contemporaiy equal liberalism and an outstanding thinker under the banner of "social justice" Since the publication of Scanlon's contract ethics,his fundamental answer to the question of moral philosophy has had a decisive influence on the development and direction of moral philosophy,and has caused great repercussions in contemporary Western ethics.His contract ethics realized the interpretation,defense,revision and supplement of Rawls's contract theoiy,and effectively filled the theoretical gap between Kant's personal morality and Rawls's institutional morality on interpersonal morality.This theoiy basically realized the transformation from traditional social contract theory to contemporaiy contractism,which laid his important position in the field of contemporary ethics.On the basis of Rawls's Theory of Justice,Scanlon established a clear and detailed moral theory system with utilitarian ethics as the object of criticism.The establishment of this theory is based on the rationale,the basic principle,and the moral motive as the core foundation,and focuses on the basic characteristics of morality.He believes that the problem to be answered by moral theory is mainly the right or wrong of moral behavior.If no one can reasonably refuse an act,then this behavior is correct,and the reason why no one can reasonably refuse is actually that people are fully infonned and not being In the context of coercion,the result of universal agreement We call it a contract.Scanlon focuses on the spirit of contract in the field of responsibility ethics.He starts from the micro level of interpersonal level and emphasizes the moral responsibility between people.For this reason,Scanlon is eager to create a hannonious society that pursues equality,respects freedom of speech,values integrity,and embraces tolerance.Scanlon's contract ethics is praised by the academic circles:on the one hand,it avoids the drawbacks exposed by the traditional contract theory and realizes the modem transformation of the traditional contract theory;on the other hand,it also provides a new way for contemporaiy society to pay attention to interpersonal ethical responsibility.However,its theoiy is also in doubt.For example,is the rationale for the logical foundation of Scanlon's contract ethics not the most basic and irreducible concept;the boundaiy between "reasonable" and "irrationa" is vague;can we find common understanding in the context of value diversification?However,it is these questions that remind us that the study of Scanlon's contract ethics needs further deepening and improvement.