| Guanzhong area is the cradle and birthplace of Chinese civilization,rich in history and culture.Burial is a special and objective existence reflecting human society and culture,which contains a large amount of social and historical information.It has different characteristics due to the development and change of the times,and is also an important part of archaeology and culture research.A tomb niche usually refers to a niche opening on the wall of a tomb,a tunnel or a tomb channel.Most niches are above or even flat at the bottom of the tomb,and a few are below the bottom of the tomb.We call it a niche tomb with a niche.This paper makes a preliminary study on the burial niches in the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area from four aspects.The article is divided into six parts,the contents of which are as follows:Introduction,This paper expounds the significance of the topic,the research object and the space-time range,the general situation of discovery and the present research situation,and the research contents and methods.The first chapter analyzes the collation and analysis of burial niches in Guanzhong area during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.By analyzing the location of the niche in the burial,the characteristics of the niches and the situation of the built-in objects in the relevant period,the development and evolution of the burial niches in the Shang and Zhou dynasties were divided into five stages:the first period:the rise,the late Shang Dynasty;Stage ?:development,early and mid-Western Zhou;Phase ?:temporary decline,late Western Zhou to early Spring and Autumn;Phase IV:resurgence,Mid-late Spring and Autumn to early warring States;Phase V:prosperity,Middle-late warring States.It can be seen that the distribution of niche tombs in the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area is not balanced,the proportion of niches in the burial is different,and it is in an unstable state.The second chapter,the function and purpose of burial niches in Guanzhong area during Shang and Zhou dynasties.Burial niches are mainly used to place objects,also see a number of martyrdom,therefore,the expansion of the tomb area(objects),memorial functions are the same,at the same time there are other functions in each period of time.In addition,on the one hand,the setting of burial niches has the significance of reflecting the concept of funeral;on the other hand,it reflects the cultural exchange and national integration.The third chapter is about the use of burial niches in Guanzhong area during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Through the analysis of the tombs with niches and their cemeteries,it can be found that the users of the niche tombs in the late Shang Dynasty saw more people who were related to the culture of the Liu family.In the early and middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the crowd was relatively dispersed,such as the aristocrats of Jiang Rong,the aristocrats above the officials class of Zhou Dynasty,the rich free citizens or craftsmen,the general commoners,etc.The middle and late Spring and Autumn period to the mid-warring States period were used by the middle and upper aristocrats of Qin Dynasty,and the middle and late warring States period were more common.The fourth chapter compares the burial niches between the Shang and Zhou dynasties in Guanzhong area and the surrounding areas.By comparing with the tombs in eastern Gansu,southern Shanxi and western Henan,it can be found that Guanzhong has been playing the role of a hub in the spread or diffusion of niches,connecting the east of Gansu,the south of Shanxi and the west of Henan.It is a powerful impetus to the spread of niches,with a vital position.The fifth Chapter,the source of burial niches in Guanzhong area during Shang and Zhou dynasties.The source of the niches in Guanzhong area may be related to the establishment of the burial niches in the early bronze culture in Ganqing area.After that,the ear rooms commonly found in the brick and cliff tombs of the Han Dynasty evolved from the niches. |
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