| In the process of thinking,verbalizers tend to represent information in terms of"words",while visualizers tend to represent information in terms of "image".This difference in cognitive style has an important influence on the behavior of individuals.The perceptual processing mechanism refers to the individual's choice of different ways to perform perceptual processing when faced with a huge amount of information.Cognitive load refers to the result of the cognitive resources being consumed by the individual while learning and completing the task.It is the total amount of psychological activity that causes the cognitive system to complete a certain task.The purpose of this study is to explore the processing mechanism of individual cognitive style of visualizers and verbalizers.In this study,the domestic revised cognitive style analysis system(CSA)was used to screen out the participants.The first time to focus on the area of interest,fixation time and number of fixation points are indicators of behavioral dependent variables,while the skin electricity and heart rate are indicators of emotional dependent variables,and the accuracy rate and reaction time of the comprehension test were indicators of performance dependent variables.First experiment adopted 2(interest area:picture,text)×2(expectation:yes,no).The difference and dominant effect of the different cognitive style under the top-down perceptual processing mechanism is investigated.Second experiment adopted experiment 2(interest area:picture,text)×2(stimulus intensity:strong,weak).To explore the difference and dominant effect of different cognitive styles under the bottom-up perceptual processing mechanism.Third experiment adopted 2(interest area:picture,text)×2(cognitive load:high,low).To explore the differences in information representation and dominant effects of different cognitive style individuals under different cognitive loads.After sorting out the analytical data,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)For the verbalizers,the perceptual processing methods from top-down(picture expectation)and bottom-up(image stimulation)have little effect on their information representation preferences,still pay attention to text information,and are good at"Word" characterizes information.However,when the picture is expected and the picture is strong,they feel low anxiety when learning new knowledge.When learning high-cognitive load knowledge materials,the fixation points and spent time of verbalizers are still based on text information.And the anxiety is high and the performance is low.(2)For the visualizers,it is good at characterizing information with "picture",but under the perceptual processing mode of top-down(text expectation)and bottom-up(text stimulation),the behavior of its information representation preference.The impact is obvious.In the case of text expectation and strong text stimuli,individuals will shift their visual attention to textual information,which has more fixation time and fixation points in the text,and is more adept at combining picture information and text information,and improving performance.When learning high-cognitive load knowledge materials the visualizers are mainly based on text information instead of picture information.At a glance,attention will be paid to textual information,and gazing at textual information will take longer and anxiety will be higher,but there is no significant difference in performance.The research conclusion provides an accurate theoretical basis for the psychological selection and training of some special professionals. |
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