Research On Social Address Terms In "Post Journey To The West"

After journey to the West is completed in the late Ming and early Q ing dynasties and is a typical ancient vernacular novel.Humorous language,ups and downs storyline,lead people into the interesting part of story.While displaying the charm of literature,it also has high linguistic research value.The popular and straight language reflects the development of ancient vernacular in the late Ming and early Q ing Dynasty.Among all kinds of Chinese words,social appellation is one of the most commonly used basic words in daily communication.It is an important corpus to study the development of Chinese and some social cultural pheno mena at that time that the social appellation in the After journey to the West.Social appellation reflects the social classification and relationship of human beings,which can be divided into three categories,including social relationship,identity occupation and emotional attitude.We have sorted out 430 social appellations from the After journey to the West.Among them,social relationship appellation is a kind of appellation which reflects the social relationship between people,such as the relationship between teachers and students,classmates,host and guest,enemies and friends,etc.In the After journey to the West,this kind of appellation amounts to about 62 and includes master,follower,close friend enemies,etc.The appellation of status occupation is a kind of appellation reflecting people's origin,status and work,the total is 276 and there are monks,emperors,scholars,woodcutters and shepherds in the After journey to the West.Emotional attitude appellation is a kind of appellation used b y the speaker according to his emotional attitude towards the other party,the total is 119(27 of them coincide with the first two types of social address terms,not included in the total of 430).In the After journey to the West,there are an eminent monk,a bald ass,a fool,etc.The social appellation in the After journey to the West shows diversified characteristics.Firstly,compared with the Primitive C hinese,the vocabulary in the After journey to the West is more colloquial.The emergence of colloquial words and abusive appellations in the works is an important reason for the strong color of the spoken language in the After journey to the West.Colloquial words are widely spread in the spoken language of the masses,which are popular and close to people's life,there are strong plague,bu escape lord,enemy,old man,etc.Abusive appellation is used to express the dissatisfaction and anger of the speaker.It is mostly rude word,there are bald,pustule,fool,old monster,scum of a community,etc.Secondly,many social appellations in the After journey to the West have been inherited into modern C hinese,but their semantics and grammar have not changed much,such as students,people,scholars,doctors,laymen,guests,residents,etc.The appellation o f this period has more modern C hinese color.Thirdly,the social appellation in the After journey to the West shows a trend of dual sound development,monosyllabic words amount to about 10 and account for only 2%of the total,disyllabic words amount to about 278 and account for only 65%of the total,the disyllabic words are 28 times more than the monosyllabic words,occupying the absolute advantage.In addition,under the influence of foreign religious culture,C hinese has added many foreign words,such as monk,buddha,nun,etc.At the same time,many Chinese proper appellations have been buddhisted,for example,"Ju Shi(??)"is originally a"reclusive person who is not an official".Influenced by buddhist culture,it is endowed with the meaning of"those who record buddhism and taoism at home".In addition,the appellation has also been generalized,and the semantic transformation of relative appellation has become a social appellation to refer to people without blood relationship,for example,"Nai Nai(??)"is not used to refer to a grandmother or a mother,but a slave's address to a married mistress.Social appellation also has generalization,for example,"Shi Xiong(??)"can be used not only to refer to the early beginners of the same sect,but also to refer to the younger members of other sects,to pay homage,so as to make up for the lack of appellation.Another example is"Lang Jun(??)",which was originally used to refer to the children of dignitaries.Later,it can also be used to refer to ordinary men.Culture is the environment of language existence and development.By studying language phenomena,we can understand the social culture contained in language.The social appellation in the After journey to the West fully reflects the cultural phenomenon of the time in which the work is located.For example,the appellation of the relationship between the master a nd the servant,the emperor appellation,and the official appellation reflect the backward feudal cultural phenomena such as the emphasis on the rank of superiority and inferiority in ancient times.The honorific and humble appellation and fictive kinship term show the etiquette culture that the C hinese admire highly.The religious appellation reflects the religious culture which has great influence on the society.The appellations of gods,demons and ghosts reflect the feudal superstition of the ancients,and also reflect the religious culture of ancient times.