Research On Chinese Age Expression

Age expression is very close to our daily life,so it has a high degree of flexibility,and the way of expression shows diversity.However,there is no systematic study on the age expression format of modern Chinese in the academic community.This paper takes the age expression format of modern Chinese as the research object,and uses the research methods of structuralism,functionalism,subjectivity and subjectivization,grammaticalization,lexicalization and other linguistic theories to divide the age expression of modern Chinese into three ways: age exact expression,age approximate expression and age pronoun expression.This paper classifies the age approximate expression forms of modern Chinese according to their forms,and selects several typical cases for analysis,and the structure,semantics,function,source,evolution or use norms of some age expression forms are lucubrated.This paper also makes a systematic study on the semantics,sources and pragmatics of Chinese traditional age pronouns.This paper is divided into seven parts:The first part is the introduction.This part expounds the basis and significance of the research,analyzes the current research situation and existing problems at home and abroad,and briefly describes the research methods and corpus sources.The second part is the research on the expression forms of age approximate numbers in modern Chinese.Firstly,it expounds the situation that the expression forms of age approximate numbers are used for age.Secondly,it classifies the expression forms of age approximate numbers according to their constituent forms,which can be divided into "pre plus or post plus","numeral combination","approximate number words",etc.Finally,it discusses whether these forms add "year".The third part begins to study the case.The third part makes an in-depth study of the age expression form "x sui chu tou" in modern Chinese,which is composed of "age + approximate auxiliary",and its function is to be attribute,predicate,object and adverbial.Its pragmatic tendency is to express subjective evaluation,small subjective quantity and positive meaning,and its source is "NP +chu tou" structure.In the fourth part,the author makes a deep research on " x lai sui",which mainly acts as predicate,attribute,object and adverbial in sentences.From the synchronic point of view,speakers tend to express "slightly more" meaning.Through investigation,it is found that the order of semantic understanding tendency of " X lai sui" is: slightly more > more or less> slightly less;from the diachronic point of view,the meaning of "X lai sui" has gradually developed from the dominant position of "slightly less than the original number" to the dominant position of "slightly more than the original number",and the meaning of "around the original number" has gradually emerged.There are two kinds of reasons for the diversity of semantic understanding of "X lai sui" : context and syntactic position.Context includes linguistic background,cultural psychology,anterior-posterior composition and subjective factors.In the fifth part,the author makes a deep research on the age approximate expression format"x Lang dang".There are three kinds of commonly used formats,most of which are informal occasions,and most of which are used for men,etc.From the perspective of diachronic evolution,the earliest writing form of"Lang Dang"is"Lang Dang(??)",and"Lang Dang"is the first onomatopoeic word,which is later used to refer to things and actions,and finally becomes a fictitious approximate auxiliary word"Lang Dang",which is used to express fractional amount after numerals.From the perspective of synchronic distribution,only in the Mandarin area and Jin area,there is"x Lang Dang".In the major dialect areas of Chinese,the evolution degree of the word"Lang Dang"is different.In the Mandarin area and Jin area,the word"Lang Dang"has the highest degree of virtualization and becomes an approximate auxiliary.The sixth part is the study of the traditional age pronouns of the Chinese nation.According to the age,the common traditional age pronouns of the Chinese nation are listed and their exact meanings are pointed out.From the perspective of source,Chinese age pronouns can be classified into three categories: metonymy,metaphor and allusion,and metonymy can be divided into five categories.This part sums up some pragmatic limitations of age pronouns,that is,the gender limitation of the applicable object.The seventh part is the conclusion,this chapter summarizes the main points of this paper,and points out the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.