Research On Turgenev's Translation And Introduction Of Eryeting And Four Mysteries

At the beginning of the 20th century,with the introduction of“????”,Russian literature began to be gradually translated and introduced into China.Chinese academic has made a host of researches on its translation as well as the spreading path.Researchers reached to a consistent conclusion that a considerable part of Russian literature,which started to be introduced into china in the late Qing Dynasty,was translated from Japanese.Japanese,as a communication medium,played a vital role in the early stage of Sino-Russian literary exchange.In the literary spread chain of“Russia-Japan-China”,Japan's reception of Russian literature during the Meiji Period is still a subject deserving further study.A deep research on it can clarify the historical context and the spread process,which leads to a more comprehensive understanding of modern China's reception of Russian literature.To have an overall observation of Japan's translation and introduction of Russian literature,Futabatei Shimei's Turgenev translation cannot be overlooked.Since his translation and publication of Turgenev's Aibiki in 1888,a large number of Russian literary works began to be introduced into Japan.With Futabatei's faithful attitude towards the original work,serious translation value and the practice of “Genbunichi”,Aibiki set up a brand-new translation paradigm for the literary circle.That directly made Turgenev become the first Russian writer who exerts a wide influence on Meiji literature.What is more,Aibiki rectified the prevailing misunderstanding that Russian culture is “uncivilized”.By the end of the 19 th century,the translation and research of Russian literature in Meiji Period had started to take shape.Many classic writers had been translated one after another,which made Russian literature come from behind but then overwhelmingly become the mainstream of Japan's literary translation.Japan's choice of works and research basis had a positive impact on Chinese translators' reception of Russian literature through Japanese in the late Qing Dynasty.This explains why China translated many Russian literary classics instead of popular works at that time,when the number of translated works was far less than that of English literature.Due to the limitation of translation horizon and the lack of context,there were hosts of mistranslations.However,in the special historical context featuring on speed-oriented translation,it was necessary to receive and translate Russian literature in this way.And it has laid a solid cultural foundation for the subsequent translation of Russian literature.Through placing Russian literature,Japanese literature and modern Chinese literature together in the same context,it is easily to find that those famous translations like Aibiki,Katagoi and Ukikusa from Futabatei Shimei directly brought about the “Sportsman's Sketsches fever” in the late 1880 s and the “Rudin fever” in the 1890 s.This reversed the previous understanding that Turgenev was a “revolution tutor”.Meiji literary circle finally found out how great a writer Turgenev is.Besides,those translation works re-interpret the complex themes and profound significance of Russian literature.Deeply influenced by Futabatei's translations,Kunikida Doppo and Tayama Katai,two masters of Meiji literature,inherited Turgenev's poetics.Their novels reveal a direct inheritance and creative transformation of Turgenev's work in the following aspects: the theme of society and individual;the aesthetic values of modern times and nature and the narrative strategy of the first person perspective with internal focus.Turgenev's works promote the development of Japanese realism and naturalism in the early 20 th century both in content and form,and also play a guiding role in the modernization of Japanese literature.Therefore,Japan's understanding and reception exerts a direct impact on the translation and introduction of modern Russian literature in China.On the basis of previous studies,this paper attempts to continue the research based on literary history,translation history and social history.