The Former Yan Economy And The Five Yan's Rise And Fall

The period of Five hu Sixteen States is a period of national integration.The change of climate and the war in the Central Plains since the end of Han Dynasty led to the nomadic people in the North setting up their political power in the south.Qianyan,Houyan,Xiyan,Nanyan founded by Murong's family of Xianbei and Beiyan founded by Han people of Xianbei were collectively called Wuyan in history.The history of the five Yan regime almost runs through the whole period of the Sixteen States,among which Qianyan laid the foundation for the later Four Yan.Therefore,taking Qianyan as the starting point and Wuyan as the research object has certain value and significance for exploring the history of the period of sixteen countries.In terms of economy,when the northern nomads enter the Central Plains,there is a problem of transforming from nomadic economic model to agricultural economic model.However,this process of economic transformation of farming is not simple and linear,especially for the separatist regime itself,farming has advantages and disadvantages.Farming has brought economic advantages and sufficient resources to the five Yan regime,and made it quickly adapt to the economic environment of the Central Plains farming area.But at the same time,the decline of animal husbandry made the cavalry military advantage based on traditional nomadic economy gradually lost.Therefore,how to balance the advantages and disadvantages of these two economic models in the process of economic transformation is a pair of contradictions that the rulers need to face.As early as Murong Huang period,when Yan Dynasty was founded,the ruling class had different opinions on how to balance the two economic models of nomadism and farming.In addition,in the cruel war environment,the separatist regime,in order to grab resources,monopolized technology and profit sources to the maximum extent through the state's official business,limiting the private sector.But at the same time,the personal dependence relationship,which is derived from the two economic models of nomadism and farming,namely Aristocratic military feudalismand Wubi Manor,has become a private force competing for resources with the state.The competition for resources between the state and the private is another big problem in front of Murong Xianbei rulers.The process of economic transformation of farming and the competition between state and private resources are two major issues throughout the whole process,which determine the success or failure of Qianyan regime.After the restoration of the state,Zhuyan regime continued the economic policy of Qianyan.These two problems are still the economic factors that determine the rise and fall of Zhu Yan.Through the economic strength accumulated by farming and the state's control over economic resources,the rejuvenation of Zhuyan regime was supported.At the same time,the weakening of military power by farming and the competition for resources by private forces made Zhuyanregime unable to escape the fate of collapse.