A Study Of The Jordanian Crisis In 1958

The 1958 Jordan crisis was a major ruling crisis faced by Hussein during his reign,which was also a concrete manifestation of the conflicts in the Middle East in the 1950s.In early February 1958.after Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic(UAR),in order to be stronger and compete against the UAR,Iraq and Jordan decided to form a coalition named the Arab Union.The good times did not last long.In July,a revolution took place in Iraq,overthrowing the monarchy and establishing the Republic of Iraq,and then the Arab Union was declared disintegration.The Iraqi revolution and the disintegration of the Arab Union had a huge impact on Jordan.King Hussein faced a major threat,coupled with the turmoil in Lebanon at that time,the United States sent troops to Lebanon in order to maintain its' pro-Western position.King Hussein of Jordan requested the Britain and America to send army to Jordan officially,helping him to maintain political stability.After many discussions,the Britain decided to military intervene in Jordan,which was called "Operation Fortitude".The British army experienced twists and turns from Cyprus into Arman via Israeli airspace.Although the number of British army was small,and the combat effectiveness was not strong enough to withstand large-scale attacks,the presence of the British army was greatly shocked to the oppositions which intend to subvert the Hussein regime.At the same time,Hussein took tough measures at home.The situation in Jordan had gradually stabilized.It was not a long-term solution for the British army to station in Jordan all the time.Therefore,with the proposal of the Soviet Union,the United Nations was requested to intervene in the Jordan crisis.And finally the British army withdrew from Jordan in a decent manner.The 1958 Jordan crisis had major inpacts on Jordanian politics,Britain-Jordan relations,and Anerica-Jordan relations.After the crisis,the King Hussein's regime was consolidated?opening up a long-term political and social development in the country.This dissertation is based on the relevant existing academic works,uses the original archives,such as the British Documents on Foreign Affairs and the Foreign Relations of United States as the historical data base,and refers to some theories of international relations,in order to analyze and interpret the background,process and impact of this crisis objectively and comprehensively.The dissertation is divided into three parts:introduction,main body and conclusion.The introduction expounds the reasons and research significance of the topic selection,and combs the research status at home and abroad around the topic.On this basis,it develops appropriate research methods and explains the innovations based on previous research.The first chapter of the dissertation begins with an overview of the development of Jordan from the founding of the country to the 1950s.Secondly,it discusses the establishment of the United Arab Republic,the political crisis in Lebanon,and the establishment and disintegration of the Arab Union in detail,which are inseparable from the 1958 Jordan crisis.Thirdly,this part reviews the relationships of Britain-Jordan and Alerica-Jordan briefly,paving the way for the following analyze of Anglo-American attitude and policy towards Jordan.The second chapter of the dissertation uses time as a clue to describe the whole process of the emergence,development and resolution of the crisis.The outbreak of the Iraqi revolution in July 1958 had a huge impact on the entire Middle East,and was also considered to be the direct cause of the Jordan crisis.After the crisis emerged,the Britain and America negotiated a plan for Jordan,in the end they decided to send British army to Jordan.The "Operation Fortitude" suffered a lot of twists and turns.Finally the Hussein regime was basically stable,and the British army waited for the opportunity to withdraw.The third chapter concludes reasons why King Hussein could pull through,analyzes the impact of the 1958 Jordan crisis on Jordan's domestic politics and economy,expounds the relationship between Jordan and its' neighboring countries such as Egypt,Syria,Iraq,Israel after the crisis.Finally,it discusses the evolution of the relationships among Jordan,Britain and America after the crisis.The conclusion echoes the research objectives proposed in the introduction.On the basis of a brief summary of the previous content,placing this crisis in the regional context to analysis,and pointing out the impacts of the crisis on the Anglo-American relationship.Finally,around the British military intervened in Jordan to analyze the reasons why some major powers choose to interfere others and the impacts.