| Purposes: The 5-4-3-2-1 model is a health-promotion model which proposed by the Chicago Children's Alliance(CLOCC)to prevent children' overweight and obesity.It based on the contents that 5 servings of vegetables and fruits,4 glasses of water,3low-fat milk,less than 2 hours of screen time and 1 hour of exercise time,the model has large operation possibility,and has been implementing and promoted by many countries.However,from many aspects,such as food culture,school education model,parental parenting concept and child behavior,the conditions of China and the United States are different,whether the different standards produced by this model are remains to be studied related to the physique and life behaviors of Chinese children.Therefore,based on the content of the 5-4-3-2-1 model,this paper has investigated the current situation of children's life behaviors,found the relevant influencing factors through questionnaire surveys which is from some primary school students and parents in Songjiang District and Xuhui District of Shanghai,and explored ways to improve the status of children's diet and exercise,which provide a basis for further implementation of intervention and popularization.Methods: Taking the combination of physical measurement and questionnaire survey,the questionnaire is based on the Study on Student Diet and Sports Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire and School Employees' Diet,which is based on the China/WHO Development of Health Promotion School Project with Obesity Control as the Entry Point.The questionnaire is divided into students questionnaires and parents questionnaires,also based on the purpose of this study(5 intake of vegetables and fruits,4 cups of water intake,3 or more intake of dairy products,no more than 2 hours screen time,greater than1 hour exercise time per day is recorded as the standard).There are 519 students which from two schools in Xuhui District and Songjiang District of Shanghai are between third and fifth grade and relevant 519 parents are participated in the survey of the status quo and influencing factors of life behaviors,and 519 students was jointly issued by the investigator and the class teacher after the test of the validity.The questionnaire included: the general situation of the students and parents,based on 5-4-3-2-1 Life behavior habits and nutrition in mode(5 servings of vegetables and fruits,4 cups of water,3 low-fat dairy products,2hours of screen time and 1 hour of exercise time).Knowledge and attitudes ofindividual students as well as parents of vegetables and fruits,water,dairy products,and screen favorite sports and so on.The comparison between the groups of nutrition knowledge and attitude was carried out by independent sample t-test.The percentage of life behaviors was compared with the ?~2 test,and then the variables with significant differences were entered into the binary classification logistic regression analysis to further search for various behaviors.Result:1.The overall detection rate of overweight and obesity in primary school students was 23.3%,which consists of 14.1% overweight and 9.2% obesity.Among them,overweight and obesity is 30.6% from boys,16.8% from girls.And the overweight and obesity rate from 8 year-old kids is 22.5%,11 year-old kids is 25.0%.At the third grade the number is 20.7%,at the fifth grade is 25.8%.2.The current situation of 5-4-3-2-1 pupils shows that the daily intake of vegetables and fruits is 1 to 2,2 to 3,3 to 4,4 to 5,5 and above respectively.It accounted for 17.7%,31.4%,29.9%,9.6%,and 11.4% of the total number.The daily water intake is 1-2 cups,2-3 cups,3-4 cups,4 cups and above,accounting for 3.1%,25.0%,38.8%,and 33.1% of the total number,respectively.The daily intake of dairy products is less than 1 part,1 to 2 parts,2 to 3 parts,3 parts or more,respectively,accounting for 22.2%,50.5%,16.2%,and 11.2% of the total number.The daily screen time is less than 1 hour,1 to 2 hours,2 to 4 hours,and 4 hours or more,respectively,accounting for 34.3%,36.6%,24.7%,and 4.4% of the total number.The daily exercise time is less than 0.5 hours,0.5 to 1 hour,and more than 1 hour,respectively,accounting for 27.0%,43.5%,and 29.5% of the total number.Among the five life-behavior surveys of primary school students,the number of people who failed to meet the standards,1 standard,2 standards,3 standards,4 standards,and 5 standards were 67(12.9%),205(39.5%),and 161.People(31.0%),70(13.3%),8(1.6%),and 8(1.6%).3.The pupils' 5-4-3-2-1 compliance rate from high to low is the daily screen time within 2 hours(70.9%),daily water intake of 4 cups or more(33.1%),exercise time up to 1 hour and above(29.5%),5 or more servings of vegetables and fruits(11.4%)and 3 or more dairy products(11.2%).The survey results showed that non-overweight and obese students had vegetables,fruits,water,dairy products,screen time,and exercise time compliance rates of 14.2%,36.3%,8.9%,75.3%,and 32.6%,respectively,for overweight and obese students.The compliance rates with fruits,water,dairy products,screen time and exercise time were 1.7%,22.4%,19.0%,59.6%,and 19%,respectively.After the chi-square test,the two groups of students were between the compliance rates.There were statistical differences,which showed that the compliance rate of non-overweight and obese students was significantly higher than that of overweight and obese students.The compliance rate of overweight and obese students in dairy product intake rate was significantly higher than that of non-overweight and obese students.Therefore,vegetables and fruits,water,screen time,and exercise time standards have become the protective factors for overweight and obesity among primary school students,and the achievement of dairy products has become a risk factor.4.Based on the survey results of the factors affecting the primary school students' compliance with the 5-4-3-2-1 model:(1)One-way analysis of variance showed that parents' preference for vegetables and fruits and satisfaction with nearby fruit(vegetable)stores was a statistically significant difference in the intake of vegetables and fruits among primary school students,and it increased with the increase of the degree of preference and satisfaction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of vegetables and fruits affected by primary school students was the parental preference for vegetables and fruits(OR=1.534,95% CI:1.751 ? 2.417)and satisfaction with nearby fruit(vegetable)stores.Degree(OR=1.805,95% CI: 1.016 to 2.208).(2)Age,grade,and whether the parents at home reminded them that drinking water had a statistically significant difference in the water intake of primary school students,and increased with age and grade.(3)Gender has a statistically significant difference in the intake of dairy products for primary school students,which is more male than female.(4)The difference in grades of primary school students' screen time is statistically significant and decreases with the increase of grades.(5)One-way analysis of variance shows whether the students are given physical activity classes on weekends,the number of times each student exercises on weekends,the fatigue feeling of each student's weekend exercise,the length of time spent on school days,the time of students' weekend exercise,and the place of residence.The distance from the movable place and the attitude of the students' physical education classes have statistically significant differences in the time of the primary school students' exercise time.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed whether students were given physical activity classes(OR=1.918,95% CI: 1.025?3.591)and distance from their place of residence(OR=1.513,95%CI: 1.044?2.193).)is the main factor affecting the time of primary school students' exercise time.The results of nutrition knowledge and attitude surveys of primary school students and parents showed that there was a significant difference in the nutritional attitudes of students and the intake of dairy products.The performance of students who did not meet the standard was higher than that of students who met the standard.There is a difference in parental nutrition attitudes in terms of water intake.The higher the attitude score,the closer the water intake is to the target.Conclusion:1.The incidence of overweight and obesity rates among primary school students varies from different genders and increases with grades.Substandard Intake of vegetables and fruits,water intake,screen time,and exercise time are factors that cause primary school students to become overweight and obese.Excessive intake of dairy products daily can also lead to overweight and obesity.2.Based on the 5-4-3-2-1 model,the overall level of life behavior of children is not high,and the overall compliance rate of children's vegetables and fruits,water,dairy products,screen time and exercise time is low.3.Parents' preference for vegetables and fruits and satisfaction with nearby vegetable(fruit)stores are factors that affect the intake of vegetables and fruits in primary school students.Age,grade,parents remind students to drink water at home,and parents' nutritional attitudes are Factors affecting the water intake of primary school students,gender is the factor that affects the achievement of dairy products.Grade is the factor that affects the time limit of primary school students' screen time.Whether to give students the physical activity class on weekends and the distance from the place of residence to the movable place is the influence of primary school students' exercise time.The factor of compliance. |
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