Research On The Training Mechanism Of Tutors In American Elementary And Secondary Schools

School counseling is very important for the development of individuals and nations.In the outline of the national medium and long term education reform and development plan(2010-2020),Our country clearly points out that it is necessary to "establish the guidance system for the development of students in high school,and strengthen the guidance for students’ ideals,psychology and schoolwork".However,the guidance for the development of students started relatively late in our country.At present,there is no relevant major of student guidance in colleges and universities,and the training channels for teachers that work in the guidance for the development of students are still not smooth,and there is a lack of relevant training and certification.Therefore,it is necessary for our country to understand the training of foreign school counselors for reference while cultivating relevant professionals.There is a great similarity between the K-12 licensed school counselors in the United States and the teachers that work in the guidance for the development of students in our country in terms of their functions and roles.The United States has established a professional team of school counselor and formed its own professional training mechanism.There are some reasons about why American school counselors express high-quality and specialization.The training of pre-service K-12 licensed school counselors is generally cultivated by the relevant professional organizations with universities.The students need to go through a rigorous certification process after graduating from the major school counseling,and they also need to meet the state’s requirements for school counselor to obtain relevant licenses.And school counselors can improve their professional ability through the training of relevant professional organizations,and at the same time,they also need to abide by the moral standards of school counselors.In addition,with the support of the government and social organizations,a relatively complete training mechanism for the K-12 licensed school counselors has been formed by promulgating clear legal provisions and putting forward clear professional roles and guidance opinions and suggestions.This paper focuses on the mechanism of the training of K-12 licensed school counselor in the United States,and gives relevant research suggestions based on the current situation in our country.This paper consists of five parts:First part “the introduction” explains the reasons for the topic selection of this research,defines the core concepts,sorts out the existing research literature and makes a review,and explains the research ideas and methods.The second part "the history and development of American K-12 licensed school counselor training",mainly divides it into four stages: the late 19 th century and theearly 20 th century,the 1950 s and 1960 s,the 1970 s and 1980 s,and the 1990 s to the present.The third part "the implementation mechanism of American K-12 licensed school counselor training",which mainly includes the qualification training,professional qualification certification and post employment development of American K-12 licensed school counselor.The fourth part "the guarantee mechanism of American K-12 licensed school counselor training",which mainly includes the role of the government and related professional organizations in the training of American K-12 licensed school counselor.The fifth part "summary and enlightenment",summarizes the training characteristics of American K-12 licensed school counselor,and gives relevant suggestions based on the specific situation in our country.