| Rural settlements,also known as settlements,are settlements where people gather for production and life.In the northern plain areas of China,the rural settlements are mainly in the form of loose settlement,but in Heilongjiang reclamation area,with the adjustment of the agricultural planting structure,the family-based field scattered housing has appeared one after another in the cultivated areas.Housing is relatively simple,and farmers live a shorter time.At present,most farmers have large-scale rural settlements and still own scattered residential areas,which leads to low efficiency of land use and serious waste of land resources in reclamation areas.Probe into the formation Mechanism of Rural Residential area pattern in Reclamation area and the influence of reasonable Regulation and Control It is of great significance to optimize the spatial distribution of rural settlements in order to meet the double needs of farmers' production and life,and to realize the efficient and intensive use of land at the same time.Heilongjiang Reclamation area was established in 1947 and is currently the largest group of state-owned farms in China.At the beginning of the construction of the reclamation area,each company(working station)had a settlement and the size of the rural settlement.The internal land use structure and residential building model are planned in accordance with the unified system.The 859 farms under the jurisdiction of the Jiansanjiang Management Sub-Bureau of Heilongjiang Agricultural and Reclamation Administration have the characteristics of large cultivated land area and high level of mechanization,which is a typical demonstration area of modern agriculture.Inside the farm,there are also residential settlements and scattered residential areas in the field.And the number of scattered houses in the field is relatively large,and the occupation of farmland by farm land is more serious.In view of the fact that this study is based on eight-fifty-nine farmers Twenty-three companies(working stations)in 11 administrative areas under the jurisdiction of the site were chosen as the study area,and the research methods of combining spatial analysis,principal component analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to study the residential areas and the scattered residential areas in the field,and the research method was based on the spatial analysis,the principal component analysis and the multivariate regression analysis.To reveal the characteristics of rural settlements pattern and to find out the formation mechanism of rural settlements pattern,and to optimize the spatial distribution of rural settlements by judging the suitable tillage radius of rural settlements.The purpose of this study is to provide reference andreference for agricultural areas of Heilongjiang Province to carry out the renovation of rural residential areas.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)the pattern characteristics of rural settlements in the study area: 859 farms showed the coupling between the main rural settlements in a small number of large-scale settlements and a large number of small-scale diaspora houses in the fields,and the number and scale of rural settlements were inversely proportional to each other.And the settlement scale is high value,and the field scattered housing is concentrated in the central part of the study area in the rural settlement pattern characteristics.Some farmers in the farm have the large-scale rural settlements and still have the field-scattered housing,and the number of the field-scattered housing is 15 times as many as the large-scale settlement.The area of construction land per capita far exceeds the national standard by 167.9%.The rough use of land in the farm reduces the effective cultivated land area and intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand of land resources.(2)The formation mechanism of the rural residential area in the research area: the structure of the cultivated land,the area of the cultivated area,the breaking degree of the field,the radius of the cultivation and the deviation of the geometric center of the residential area and the administrative district as the five influence factors of the scattered house among the farm fields,and the result of the analysis of the main component shows that,The farmland structure,the area of the plowing area and the breaking degree of the field are the main influence factors of the scattered houses in the farm field,and the multiple regression results of the four main factors are the cultivated land structure and the farming radius as the main active factors.The interaction between the cultivated area and the field of the field is the secondary role.The induction of factors led to a large number of small-scale residential diaspora between land blocks in reclamation areas.(3)The suitable cultivation radius of the rural residential area in the study area: the average value of the suitable cultivation radius of the rural residential area in the management area of the eight-and-nine-year-old farm is 5055 m,the maximum and the minimum value are 7438 m and3265 m respectively,and the travel time of the agricultural machinery and the motorcycle corresponding to the average suitable cultivation radius is 20 minutes and 10 minutes,The suitable cultivation radius is more in line with the agricultural production mode of the current farm.The results of the multiple regression analysis of the suitable cultivation radius and the farmland structure,the area of the cultivated land and the field of the farmland show that the suitable cultivation radius is inversely proportional to the proportion of the paddy field,and it is in a direct proportion to the cultivated area and inversely proportional to the breaking degree of the field..(4)the optimization of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in the study area: 859 farms should establish the increase-decrease link between the high-farming pressure area,that is,the old area of the rural settlements,and the low-tillage pressure area,that is,the new area of the rural residential area.Actively carry out the demolition of rural settlements and reclamation of arable land in the old areas,and promote the establishment of rural settlements in the new area according to the suitable tillage radius of the rural settlements in each managed area,and balance the tillage pressure coefficient.Achieve the whole region of 859 farms are suitable for rural settlements of the distribution target.Farms should have 22 rural settlements,with an average of 2 rural settlements per managed area,with the largest and least number of rural settlements The second management area and the third management area are 3 and 1 respectively.The total size of rural settlements should be 324 hm~2,and the average size of each rural settlement should be 14.7hm~2.The maximum and minimum values of rural residential areas should be 21.60 hm~2 in the second management area and 21.60 hm~2 in the eleventh management area,respectively.Rural settlements can carry a total of 21591 people,with an average of 981 people per rural settlement.The rural settlements with the largest and least population are,in turn,the average carrying capacity of 185 persons in the second management area and the average carrying capacity in the eleventh management area,in turn,the average carrying capacity of 1440 people in the rural settlements with the largest and smallest population.Total returnable farm habitation Land use 544 hm~2. |
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