Based On Three-Stage DEA Method Research On Beijing Public Transportation Operation Efficiency Evaluation

The investment in urban public transportation resources in China has increased year by year.Public transportation plays a vital role in major cities and is the pillar of the urban transportation system.Its development is an important prerequisite for the prosperity,order and rapid development of the city.Its operational efficiency has been widely concerned by the community.Urban public transportation has the characteristics of large capacity,flexible mobility,wide coverage,high accessibility,low fare,low per capita fuel consumption and low pollution.Under the condition of urban energy and land resources shortage,vigorously developing urban public transportation is the most effective way to solve residents' travel and ease urban traffic congestion.Therefore,public transportation is the main supporting condition for the prosperity,order and rapid development of the city.So how to scientifically and reasonably measure and evaluate the operational efficiency of urban public transportation has become a top priority.The methods for efficiency evaluation mainly include the parameter analysis method represented by "Stochastic Frontier Approach"(SFA)and the nonparametric analysis method represented by "Data Envelopment Analysis"(DEA).Due to the convenience of the DEA method and the wide range of adaptation,it is also characterized by the multi-input and multi-output of public transportation.At this stage,DEA(Data Envelope Method)has been widely used in efficiency research.By collecting and collating the literature,the paper introduces the three-stage DEA model method into the study of Beijing public transportation operation efficiency based on Beijing data,and does the following work:First,the definition of efficiency is first described and used as an entry point.The definition and connotation of public transportation operation efficiency are clarified,and the frontier aspect of production in efficiency evaluation is expounded.At the same time,the evaluation methods of public transportation operation efficiency are reviewed,including DEA model,SFA method and DEA derivative model.It also studies and summarizes the selection of efficiency evaluation index system and environmental indicators at home and abroad.Secondly,firstly,it summarizes and summarizes the history and current situation of urban development in Beijing,and analyzes the current situation of Beijing's transportation system from three aspects:private motor vehicles,rail transit and ground transportation.On this basis,combined with the results of previous studies.,select the environmental factor indicators in the evaluation index system.Secondly,it is the selection part of the input and output indicators in the indicator system.It summarizes the selected influencing factors and establishment principles,and searches for various input and output indicators within the possible range and uses the principal component analysis method to reduce the indicators.Finally,a complete evaluation index system was established,including input indicators,output indicators,and environmental factors indicators.Thirdly,the three-stage DEA model is used to evaluate the efficiency of public transportation in Beijing.Firstly,the original efficiency value of rail transit and ground bus is calculated by DEAP2.1 software and the calculation results are analyzed.Secondly,the environmental factors and random error factors are removed from the input resources by SFA regression analysis,and the adjusted second stage is obtained.Input indicators,and the original output indicators constitute a new data set for calculation.Finally,the adjusted data is calculated using DEAP2.1 software,and then the calculation results before and after the adjustment are compared and analyzed.Fourthly,the index sensitivity analysis of the rail transit and ground bus evaluation index system is carried out,and the input and output indicators that contribute the most to the efficiency value are obtained.On this basis,the proposed suggestions for improving the efficiency of public transportation in Beijing are put forward.The main conclusions are:First,the input-output indicator system includes:number of operating vehicles,operating mileage,number of operating lines,annual passenger traffic,travel sharing rate,environmental indicators for private motor vehicle ownership;second,number of scooter vehicles As an environmental indicator,it has not changed the effective units of various efficiency indicators of rail transit and ground bus.The environmental variables have a positive impact on the overall efficiency of rail transit and ground bus,and have a positive impact on rail transit.Third,between 2008 and 2017,the development of rail transit was fast and stable,with an average overall efficiency value of 0.951 and a minimum of 0.752.The ground bus efficiency value decreased year by year,with an average overall efficiency value of 0.861 and a minimum of 0.615.Overall,rail transit development is better than terrestrial public transport,and the development trend of rail transit is more stable.Fourth,for rail transit,the number of operating vehicles and annual passenger traffic are the largest contribution to the overall efficiency value.The reasons for the low overall efficiency are mainly:the utilization of input resources for operating kilometers has not been rationally utilized,and the output of the travel sharing rate is insufficient.In terms of ground transportation,the number of operating vehicles and annual passenger traffic contribute the most to the overall efficiency value.The main reasons for the low overall efficiency are:the operating line resources have not been rationally utilized,and the travel sharing rate is insufficient.