Assessment Of The Vulnerability Of Small Famers' Livelihoods In Hongsipu,Ningxia

As the micro subject of the rural revitalization strategy,the livelihood development ability and level of smallholders directly affect the effect of the implementation of the strategy.The livelihood vulnerability assessment provides scientific reference for small farmers in poor mountainous areas and areas with fragile ecological environment to shake off poverty,achieve sustainable livelihood development,carry out targeted poverty alleviation work by the government and implement the strategy of rural revitalization.Based on ecological resettlement area-Hongsipu of west China as the study area,based on the theory of sustainable livelihoods and "exposure-sensitivity-the ability to adapt"framework,build the small farmers livelihood vulnerability evaluation index system,using 15 samples village 3]1 small peasant household survey data,by using the improved entropy TOPSIS model,GIS spatial analysis and other methods to Hongsipu small farmers livelihood vulnerability from the point of view of geographical conditions and different ways of living a review.On this basis,linear regression model and TOPSIS were used to analyze the leading factors and obstacle factors of vulnerability,and then the corresponding regulatory strategies and countermeasures were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in livelihood risk,livelihood sensitivity,livelihood coping ability and livelihood vulnerability of small farmers in different location conditions.Livelihood risk and livelihood sensitivity are highest in the sample villages above 20km from the Hongsipu city,followed by the sample villages within 10km,and the lowest among the small farmers in the sample villages between 10-20km.The level of livelihood adaptability is shown as the spatial differentiation rule of the sample villages between the sample villages within 10-20km from the urban area and the sample villages above 20km.The sample villages above 20km from the city of Hongsipu have the highest vulnerability and are in a relatively high fragile state.The sample villages within 10-20km and 10km are in a moderate fragile state.The livelihood vulnerability of small peasant households in the Hongsipu is on the high side and is in good agreement with livelihood risk and livelihood sensitivity.(2)There are also significant differences in risk index,sensitivity index,coping ability index and vulnerability index of small farmers with different livelihood styles.As a whole,pure smallholder farmers are in a state of.high risk-high sensitivity-medium adaptation-high vulnerability".As a whole,smallholder farmers are in a state of "high risk-medium sensitivity-high adaptability-medium vulnerability".As a whole,smallholder farmers are in a state of "low risk-high sensitivity-medium adaptability-high vulnerability".Overall,integrated small farmers are in a state of "low risk-low sensitivity-high adaptability-low vulnerability".In summary,among the four types of small farmers,the index value of livelihood vulnerability is from high to low in the order of pure agriculture-type>and agriculture-type>and agriculture-type>synthesis,indicating that the livelihood vulnerability of small farmers with diverse livelihood means is on the whole low.(3)The leading factor of livelihood vulnerability of small peasant households in the Hongsipu is livelihood adaptability.Elements layer index in the livelihood of the most influential factor in ability to adapt to small farmers for natural capital and human capital,and index layer of small farmers living in the ability to adapt the main influential factors to cultivated land quality,the number of livestock,the types of partieipation in security,the transportation is eonvenient,family labor partieipation measures such as training and skills to master give priority to.However,there are significant differences in the barriers to the livelihood adaptability of small farmers in different areas and livelihood types.(4)The main reason of livelihood vulnerability of small farmers in Hongsipu is inadequate livelihood adaptability.In order to improve their livelihood adaptability and reduce livelihood vulnerability,first of all,rural basic education should be strengthened and human capital level should be improved to increase their awareness of independent developmentSecondly,by improving the conditions of agricultural development,optimizing the agricultural operating environment of small farmers and adjusting the structure of agricultural development,small farmers are guided to follow the path of agricultural modemization.Once again,young and middle-aged rural households with potential for development should be given labor skills training to broaden their employment channels.Finally.we should increase investment in rural areas,improve the rural medical and social security system and the construction of public basic service facilities,create a good living environment for small farmers,and promote the coordinated development of the relationship between rural people and land.