Study On The Livelihood Vulnerability Of Traditional Village Farmers In Xiangxi Under The Background Of Eco-Cultural Tourism

Vulnerability is one of the three attributes of social ecosystem.In recent years,vulnerability research has become a hot topic in academic circles.As the main body of rural social ecological system and the most basic economic unit in rural areas,farmers'livelihood is vulnerable to the impact or disturbance of external factors of the system.Under the background of poverty alleviation strategy and Rural Revitalization Strategy,when farmers suffer from external shocks or disturbances,their livelihood ability is especially important for improvement or vulnerability.Therefore,the study of farmers'livelihood vulnerability is conducive to the theoretical and practical aspects of poverty eradication and Rural Revitalization.At present,with the continuous rise of eco-cultural tourism in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture?hereinafter referred to as Xiangxi Prefecture?,as the forefront of eco-cultural tourism and a large number of traditional villages,it is of great significance to study the vulnerability of farmers'livelihood for the effective implementation of the strategy of eco-cultural tourism development and Rural Revitalization of traditional villages in Xiangxi Prefecture.In this paper,324 farmer households in six traditional villages in Xiangxi Prefecture are taken as the research object.Using the sustainable livelihood framework?SLA?of DFID and vulnerability analysis framework for reference and integration,the vulnerability is introduced into the livelihood system of farmer households.Based on the five livelihood capital of farmers,integrating the elements of ecological and cultural vulnerability,and selecting the relevant vulnerability indicators that can be obtained and quantified,this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of livelihood vulnerability of traditional village farmers in Xiangxi Prefecture through the DAEF algorithm,using the methods of principal component analysis,cluster analysis,fuzzy comprehensive index,multiple linear regression,etc,dividing vulnerability types,evaluating vulnerability degree,and analyzing vulnerability influencing factors.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?There are six types of livelihood vulnerability in traditional villages in Xiangxi Prefecture,and the number distribution of each type of farmers is quite different.The distribution quantity from high to the bottom is:development balanced type?31.8%?,resource dependent type?28.4%?,ecological leading type?16.7%?,economic leading type?11.1%?,folk culture type?8.6%?and tourism driven type?3.4%?.?2?In Xiangxi Prefecture,the vulnerability of traditional village farmers'livelihood is different,which is at the level of"generally not vulnerable".The overall vulnerability scores from high to low are:folk culture type?2.66?,economy leading type?2.58?,tourism driving type?2.23?,resource dependent type?2.10?,ecological leading type?2.08?and development balanced type?1.93?.Among them,the vulnerability of folk culture type and economic leading type is"general vulnerability";the vulnerability of tourism driven type,resource dependent type and ecological leading type is"general vulnerability";the vulnerability of development balanced type is"slightly vulnerability".The average vulnerability of the six vulnerability types is 2.26,and the vulnerability degree is"generally not vulnerable".?3?There are significant differences in the vulnerability of livelihood factors of traditional village farmers in Xiangxi Prefecture,and different vulnerability types have both similarities and differences.In addition to economic dominant and resource dependent,the vulnerability of other four types of material,human and ecological factors is significantly higher than that of natural,financial and ecological factors;in addition to ecological dominant and development balance,the vulnerability of other four types of human factors is higher than 3.00,which is general vulnerability,and folk culture is quite vulnerable;in addition to folk culture,the other five types are relatively vulnerable The vulnerability values of social factors of the type are all lower than 1.50,which means they are not vulnerable.?4?There are seven factors that affect the livelihood vulnerability of traditional village farmers in Xiangxi Prefecture,which can be divided into three levels:Severe,moderate and mild effects.C₁₀ of tourism investment fund is a severe influence factor;C₇ of land for tourism,C₁₁ of relatives and friends,and C₁₉ of awareness of wildlife resources protection are moderate influence factors;C₁₆ of family members'contact with relevant organizations,C₁₈ of fertilizer and pesticide use degree and C₈of loan amount of tourism investment are mild influence factors.Finally,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of traditional village farmers in Xiangxi Prefecture from seven aspects such as balanced investment in tourism land,strengthening infrastructure construction,and using social resources of relatives and friends,etc.