| Chongqing is the only municipality directly under the Central Government in Western China and an important old industrial area in China.It is very important and urgent to seek new driving force of Chongqing's economic development through scientific and technological innovation and to promote the transformation of economic growth mode and economic structure optimization under the New Normal Situation of economic growth changing from high-speed growth to medium-high-speed growth.Since the new century,Chongqing has attached great importance to the important role of scientific and technological innovation in economic development.The input and output of R&D innovation in industrial sector have increased year by year,but the overall R&D input and output are still at the national middle level.What is the efficiency of R&D input and output in Chongqing's industrial sector? What are the main factors affecting the input-output efficiency of R&D in Chongqing's industrial sector? How to improve the efficiency of R&D input and output of Chongqing's industrial sector through policy formulation and institutional innovation and provide lasting impetus for the high-quality development of Chongqing's economy has become an important issue of great concern to governments at all levels and relevant departments.On the basis of reviewing the relevant basic theories and research status in domestic and abroad,this study first estimates and analyses the R&D capital stock of 24 industries in Chongqing from 2008 to 2016.Secondly,descriptive statistical analysis of R&D input and output in Chongqing's industry from 2011 to 2016 has carried out with the help of relevant statistical data.Third,the composite index of R&D output in Chongqing's industry are measured by factor analysis method,and the R&D efficiency of Chongqing's industry from 2011 to 2016 is calculated by stochastic frontier analysis model(SFA).The same modle is used to empirically analysis about facors that influence efficiency.Finally,the countermeasures to improve the efficiency of R&D input and output in Chongqing industrial sector has discussed.This study draws the following basic conclusions: Firstly,there are significant industry differences in R&D capital stock and its changing trend in Chongqing.Overall,the R&D capital stock of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries is relatively high,while that of labor-intensive industries is relatively low.Except for C35 special equipment manufacturing and C25 petroleum processing,coal and other fuel processing industries,the R&D capital stock of the other 22 industries is on the rise year by year.The growth rate of R&D capital stock is relatively slow in industries with high stock and moderate R&D capital stock,while the growth rate of R&D capital stock is relatively fast in industries with low annual average R&D capital stock.Secondly,there are significant industry differences in R&D personnel input and output,such as sales revenue of new products,number of patent applications,number of effective invention patents,transfer of patent ownership and number of licenses.Overall industries with higher R&D personnel input and output are mainly capital-intensive industries in manufacturing industry,and are generally pillar industries in Chongqing or industrial clusters with key development in the 12 th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development.The industries with lower R&D personnel input and output are mainly monopolistic industries or labor-intensive industries.The R&D capital investment and R&D personnel input of most industries in Chongqing show consistent characteristics.R&D capital investment is at a higher level in industries,and R&D personnel input always at a higher level.Some industries show inconsistency between R&D capital investment and R&D personnel input which shows that R&D personnel input is more,R&D capital investment is less,or R&D capital investment is more,but R&D personnel investment is less.Thirdly,the overall R&D efficiency of Chongqing's industrial industry is still at a low level,which has great space for improvement.There are significant inter-industry differences in R&D efficiency of the industrial industry.The overall R&D efficiency of Chongqing's industrial sector is higher than the national average level,but lower than cities like Beijing,Shanghai and other inter-provincial units.Industries with higher R&D efficiency in Chongqing are the traditional dominant industries in Chongqing,such as C36 transportation equipment manufacturing,C38 electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing;or the major projects and industries of Chongqing's "2+10" science and technology plan in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".Industries with lower R&D efficiency are labor-intensive or monopolistic industries.Fourthly,factors like R&D investment,enterprise scale,numbers of enterprises in the industry the proportion of GNP of SOEs to GNP of the industry,the government support,the export trade and the labor productivity have the same trend with the R&D efficiency of Chongqing's industrial sector.The increasing of wage has a restraining effect on the improvement of R&D efficiency in Chongqing's industrial industry,and the relationship between R&D efficiency in industrial sector and per capita capital possession shows a U-shaped changing relationship with R&D efficiency,which first decreases and then rises.Finally,the countermeasures to improve R&D efficiency of Chongqing's industrial sector include two aspect.First from the government's aspect,we should build a excellent R&D investment system to promote the optimal allocation of R&D resources.Improve the evaluation mechanism of R&D output,improve laws and regulations to protect intellectual property rights.And also give full play to the important role of large state-owned enterprises,and actively cultivate the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.Encourage appropriate expansion of industry openness;Introduce foreign advanced theory and technology.Second from the perspective of enterprises,we should set up the concept of innovation,actively play the subjective initiative,improve the quantity and quality of innovation investment,and establish and improve the supervision system of R&D activities within enterprises. |
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