| The research object of this paper is the Mongolian and Han herdsmen in the Gacha of Menghan Township in Mandula Town,Daerhan Maomingan,Baotou City,and the two Gachas in Mandula Town,A and B,which have the same natural and human environmental conditions.As an example,the three Gachas,the C Gacha,a mixed residence of Meng and Han in Ming'an Town,were used as examples to investigate the family,business and debt situation of Mongolian Han herdsmen in the area.By analyzing the field survey data,compare the debt situation of A Gacha Mongolian herdsmen with B Gacha Han herdsmen,C Gacha Inner Mongolian herdsmen and Han herdsmen,compare the common causes of the debts of Mongolian and Han herdsmen,and then further analyze The special reasons for the formation of the debts of the Mongolian and Han herdsmen.The general reasons for the borrowing of Mongolian and Han herders are summarized by comparison: 1.The production and operation costs of animal husbandry increase,and the herdsmen ' s income is not easy to increase;2.The pastoral area policies and management models are not targeted,and the effectiveness of subsidy funds is poor;3.Children ' s education and family medical expenses High cost and heavy human exchanges;4.The ecological environment in the pastoral area is fragile,and the herdsmen's awareness of risk resistance is lacking;5.The financial institutions in the pastoral area are set up singlely,and related financial services are not in place.Through further analysis of the reasons why A Gacha Mongolian herdsmen,B Gacha Han herdsmen and C Gachameng Han herdsmen borrowed debts,it was concluded that the Mongolian herdsmen borrowed debts:(1)The effect of changing production methodswas not good,and the consumption of the new generation groups was rising The transformation failed;(2)The "advance consumption" prevailed under the influence of irrational consumption concept.The reasons for the Han herdsmen to borrow:(1)Poor breeding methods and meager operating income;(2)Policy encouragement and future life expectation under the influence of house purchase liabilitiesBased on the actual situation of the debt problems of the three Gachameng-Han herdsmen in Damaoqi based on the survey,for the special causes of the debts of the Mongolian herdsmen and the Han herdsmen,the countermeasures to solve the debts and the common causes : 1.Establish a forage supply mechanism to reduce herders' operating costs;2.Improve the implementation of subsidy funds and enhance the effectiveness of subsidy funds;3.Improve the distribution of education resources in ethnic areas and enhance herdsmen ' s awareness of disease prevention;4.Strengthen cooperation between herdsmen,Improve the ability to resist risks;5.Encourage financial institutions to reasonably compete and innovate credit service systems for financial products.Suggestions for family debts of Mongolian herdsmen:(1)Encourage the new generation of herders to return to their hometowns and develop modern animal husbandry to increase their income;(2)Optimize the “rural style construction” in pastoral areas and promote diligence and frugality.Recommendations for household debts of Han herdsmen:(1)Encourage herders to develop a professional cooperative “ Internet+ ” cooperation model;(2)Expand non-pastoral employment channels and increase wage income. |
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