Urbanization,Social Security Expenditure,and Urban-rural Income Gap

With the acceleration of the urbanization process,the income of urban and rural residents has steadily increased,but the income gap between residents has been widening,and the contradiction between people's longing for a better life and uneven development has become increasingly serious.Anhui Province,as an important part of the integrated development strategy of the Yangtze River Delta region,the urban-rural income gap in the province continues to promote the expansion of the income gap of residents,which has a negative impact on social stability and economic transformation and upgrading,hindering the realization of the strategy of rural revitalization and the rise of central Anhui Province.At the same time,the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it is necessary to accurately "raise and lower the height",continue to expand the middle-income group,focus on improving the system of distribution according to factors,and guide society to form a fair and orderly social distribution pattern.However,the dual development of the urban and rural social security system in Anhui Province and the blind pursuit of the increase in the urbanization rate have made the situation of the widening urban-rural income gap more severe.Therefore,the specific role of urbanization and social security expenditures on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Anhui Province is worth discussing.On this basis,the specific characteristics of the impact of social security expenditures on the income gap under different levels of urbanization should also be further studied.In the process of urbanization,it will better help social security expenditures play a role in regulating income distribution and promote the long-term healthy,stable and coordinated development of Anhui Province's economy.This article first explains the research background and significance of the impact of social security expenditures on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Anhui Province,collates and summarizes relevant research at home and abroad,and puts forward the innovations of this article on this basis.At the same time,explain the mechanism of urbanization and social security expenditures and the urban-rural income gap.Second,analyze the current situation of urbanization,social security expenditure and urban-rural income gap in Anhui Province.Thirdly,using the panel data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2005 to 2018,the systematic GMM dynamic panel method was used to empirically study the impact of urbanization and social security expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Anhui Province,and introduce per capita GDP and government scale.,Ageing and education level of residents are the four control variables.At the same time,in order to study the impact of the synergy between urbanization and social security expenditures on the income gap between urban and rural residents,the interactive items of social security expenditures and urbanization are also included in the expansion model for estimation.At the same time,the panel threshold model is further used to accurately explore the differences in the income gap between urban and rural residents in Anhui Province affected by social security expenditures at different stages of urbanization.Finally,on the basis of drawing relevant conclusions,put forward corresponding policy recommendations.Empirical research shows that,first,urbanization and social security expenditures widen the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the synergy between urbanization and social security expenditures has driven the expansion of urban-rural income gaps.Second,from the perspective of urbanization,social security expenditures and the urban-rural income gap are no longer simply a linear relationship,but there is a double threshold effect based on the level of urbanization,that is,when the level of urbanization is low,social security expenditures and urban-rural income The gap has a positive relationship;when the urbanization level is higher than a certain level,social security expenditures play a role in suppressing the urban-rural income gap.Third,there is a positive relationship between the degree of aging and the size of the government and the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the level of economic development and education level of residents is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.In addition,the current urban-rural income gap is dependent on the previous urban-rural income gap in terms of impact,and has been increasing in the dynamic process.Therefore,in order to improve the unequal income distribution of urban and rural residents in Anhui Province and promote the healthy economic and social development of Anhui Province,this paper proposes to improve the utilization efficiency of social security funds,increase rural social security expenditures,promote the integration of urban and rural social security,and focus on improving the quality of urbanization.Coupled with policy recommendations for the development of rural economy and education.