The Dynamic Evolution Trend And Multi-dimensional Driving Factors Of Urban-rural Income Gap In China

Since the reform and opening up,China's economy and society have entered a stage of rapid development,the level of national income has been improving,the quality of people's life has been greatly improved,but the problem of regional unbalanced development and the gap between urban and rural development has become increasingly prominent.In 2019,the income ratio of urban and rural residents in China dropped to 2.64:1,still higher than the international standard of 2:1,and the absolute income gap between urban and rural residents reached 26338 yuan.The income gap between urban and rural residents in China is still at a high level.The high income gap between urban and rural areas will aggravate the intensification of social conflicts,affect social stability and the overall improvement of living standards,and hinder the integration of urban and rural development.In order to achieve the strategic goal of high-quality economic development and rural revitalization,it is necessary to reduce the urban-rural income gap to a reasonable range.The key lies in anchoring the main driving factors and driving directions of the urban-rural income gap scientifically.Therefore,based on the data of 321 prefecture level cities in China from 2004 to 2017,this paper studies the multi-dimensional driving factors of urban-rural income gap in order to effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap and realize the goal of sharing the reform and development achievements and common prosperity of urban and rural residents as soon as possible.Guided by the historical background and theoretical basis of China's urban-rural income gap,this paper measures,depicts and analyzes the dynamic evolution trend of urban-rural income gap between China as a whole and the four regions in 2004-2017 based on the prefecture level statistical data,and constructs a dynamic panel model to systematically investigate the multi-dimensional driving factors.In order to weaken the interference of endogenous problems on the regression results of the model,the system generalized moment estimation is used In addition,based on the empirical conclusion and the actual situation of each region,the optimization path of urban and rural income distribution pattern in China is put forward according to local conditions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)China's urban-rural income gap shows dynamic and regional characteristics.Taking 2009 as the demarcation point,it shows the inverted "U" characteristics of rising first and then falling.The income gap between urban and rural areas is declining,but it is still at a high level.The regional differences of urban-rural income gap are "the largest in the west,the second in the middle,the smallest in the East,and slightly higher in the Northeast than in the East";(2)the regression results of each group have passed the robustness test,among which,China's economic development,urbanization,infrastructure construction,and government behavior have a significant inhibitory effect on the urban-rural income gap,and the level of education,nationalization and openness are consistent The number is significantly positive,and the symbols of driving factors in the western region are consistent with those in the whole country.The level of education and openness in the eastern and central regions and the level of infrastructure construction,government behavior and nationalization in the northeast region aggravate the income gap between urban and rural areas in the region;(3)the optimization of urban and rural income distribution pattern of spatial units at prefecture level in China should follow the following path: Promote balanced and coordinated development of regions,building a system of urban and rural shared development,operating We should create a fair and reasonable market environment for urban and rural areas,establish a two-way flow mechanism for urban and rural labor,and promote the coordinated sharing of urban and rural infrastructure construction.This paper intends to make marginal theoretical contributions from the following perspectives: first,based on the spatial disequilibrium perspective and the prefecture level sample data,the dynamic research is carried out.Combined with the spatial imbalance of economic development and the dynamic change characteristics of economic policy operation in China,this paper studies the dynamic evolution trend of urban-rural income gap in China and the four regions based on the sample data at the prefecture level;secondly,it constructs a multi-dimensional driving factor model of urban-rural income gap.The formation and change of urban-rural income gap is the result of multiple factors.The multi-dimensional driving factors are included in the unified framework to test the comprehensive effect of urban-rural income gap.