'Casualty of progress': The Ward One community and urban renewal, Columbia, South Carolina, 1964--1974

For nearly thirty years, multiple cities in the United States worked tirelessly to establish themselves as the forerunners in modern structures, advanced highway systems, and beautiful landscapes. The urban renewal projects enacted during the 1950s and 1960s allowed for many of these sweeping changes that were seen in American cities. These advancements were often funded by federal government legislation and adopted by city governments as well as collegiate institutions.;In Columbia, South Carolina during this time period, urban renewal swept through this city's downtown area and completely revamped its appearance. The plans, set forth by the City of Columbia, the Columbia Housing Authority, and the University of South Carolina in the 1960s and 1970s, called for a new downtown area in which beauty and modernity were top priority; seemingly anything or anyone not fitting this criteria was ultimately uprooted or demolished.;Casualty of Progress examines the role the City of Columbia, the Columbia Housing Authority, and the University of South Carolina played in the Urban Renewal Projects in Columbia, South Carolina between 1964 and 1974 that led to the displacement of a predominantly African-American neighborhood. This work will add to the current discussion on how racial ideology and government policies are strategically used in the planning of American cities.