Novel carboxy and glycosylated phthalocyanines as efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

This thesis reports the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and photophysical properties of a series of novel carboxy- and glycosylated phthalocyanines. Their application as efficient photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy has also been explored.;Chapter 1 gives a general introduction of phthalocyanines---a versatile class of functional dyes, including their synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications. Special attention has been placed on their use as efficient photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. A brief introduction of this innovative clinical modality has also been given. Besides, a short account on the development of carboxy- and glycosylated photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy has also been included in this chapter.;Chapter 2 reports the synthesis, aggregation behavior, and photophysical properties of a series of carboxy phthalocyanines and their corresponding ammonium salts. The effects of various surfactants on their aggregation properties in water are also discussed. Moreover, the in vitro photocytotoxicity of some of these compounds toward J774 mucine macrophage and HepG2 human heptacarcinoma cells are also reported.;Chapter 3 focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a novel series of tetra-glycosylated phthalocyanines. Their photodynamic activities toward HepG2 and HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines are also reported.;Chapter 4 describes the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a novel series of mono-glycosylated phthalocyanines. These compounds exhibit significantly higher photodynamic activities toward HepG2 and HT29 cell lines compared with the tetra-glycosylated counterparts. In this chapter, several attempts in the synthesis of mono-thioglycosylated phthalocyanines are also discussed.;The NMR spectra of new compounds and crystallographic data are included in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively.