| The United States Clean Air Act and California Air Pollution Control Laws were enacted in 1955 and 1947, respectively, while the Philippines enacted its Clean Air Act in 1999. Despite the disparities in the economic and geographic conditions of the countries and dates of their enactment, these statutes have striking similarities. This study examines whether policy transfer occurred between the Philippines and the United States and California, and if so, why and how the transfer took place using Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Policy Transfer as an analytical framework. I compared the statutes' provisions, analyzed government records, and interviewed the policymakers who crafted the Philippine law. The results demonstrate that the Philippine Clean Air Act was based mainly on the US Clean Air Act, and partly on the California statute and the European Economic Community (EEC) directives for vehicular emission standards. |
