| The frequent changes of government regulations, overlapping jurisdictions among institutions and multiple actors who oversee Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) affect the field implementation of CBFM to achieve management goals. This study aims to document the patterns and trends of CBFM by reviewing historical and legal documents as well as to examine spatial data of CBFM and other forest intervention regimes in Indonesia. There are three main findings identified for this study. First, the issuance of legal policies has been changing since the colonial period to the present. These policies have affected the rights and roles of local people in the forestry sector, land allocation, and the number of permits released to CBFM programs. Second, land is designated by the government mostly for Protected Areas, logging concessions, oil palm concessions, wood fiber concessions and agricultural areas. In contrast, CBFM programs represent a small proportion of Indonesia (0.96%). CBFM in this study consists of four programs: Community Forest, Community-Based Forest Management, Customary Forest and Village Forest. These programs are mostly established in Sumatera island, followed by Borneo, Sulawesi, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and Papua, and Java. Lastly, population density is identified as a key predictor associated with the area allocated to CBFM programs. Understanding the legacy and current status of CBFM in Indonesia could help improve policy regulations that encourage social and ecological best practices in the forestry sector. |
