| Since its invention in 1986, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has evolved into a versatile scientific instrument, capable of nanometer-scale investigation of surfaces. This study examines existing limitations on tapping mode atomic force microscopy in liquid, especially imaging speed, which if improved will provide scientists with a real-time imaging tool for studying dynamic phenomena in physiological conditions. Imaging speed is shown to be significantly improved by cantilever probes with integrated microactuators.; Using these new probes and a prototype liquid cell, the pre-imaging procedure of cantilever "tuning" is demonstrated. This new tuning technique is quicker, more precise and causes less sample damage than existing methods. Because microactuated cantilevers have electric components, their use in liquid necessitates an insulation scheme; two have been tested with some success. Finally, preliminary tapping mode images have been taken using the microactuator to simultaneously vibrate and actuate the cantilever over topographical features in liquid. |
