| Surface tin phenoxides were synthesized by ligand metathesis reactions of surface tin alkoxides as a systematic way to introduce a controllable dipole at the surface of indium tin oxide, ITO. A series of substituted phenols, chosen for variation in dipole moment, was synthesized using “Suzuki” coupling methods. Modification using 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-phenol and the surface tin alkoxide caused an increase of ITO work function, Similarly, modification with 4-(4methoxyphenyl)-phenol and the tin alkoxide caused a decrease of ITO work function.; In order to develop a more versatile linker, in terms of the types of organics that may be bound to the surface, tin amides were used to anchor a series of phenylacetylenes with a range of dipole moments to the surface. The surface bound tin amide was also used to attach several other classes of organics to the ITO surface, including amines, phenols, carboxylic acids, thiols, boronic acids, phosphines and oximes. Attachment of such organics to the ITO surface might improve favorable organic-organic interactions with the hole transport material of an organic light emitting diode, especially in the case of an aromatic amine similar in structure to the hole transport material. |
